C语言科学计算入门之矩阵乘法的相关计算

2020-01-06 14:06:52王旭

这种算法很容易转到稀疏矩阵的相乘算法。

PS:斯特拉森算法的实现
斯特拉森方法,是由v.斯特拉森在1969年提出的一个方法。

我们先讨论二阶矩阵的计算方法。 
对于二阶矩阵 


a11 a12 b11 b12 
A = a21 a22 B = b21 b22 

先计算下面7个量(1) 


x1 = (a11 + a22) * (b11 + b22); 
x2 = (a21 + a22) * b11; 
x3 = a11 * (b12 - b22); 
x4 = a22 * (b21 - b11); 
x5 = (a11 + a12) * b22; 
x6 = (a21 - a11) * (b11 + b12); 
x7 = (a12 - a22) * (b21 + b22); 

再设C = AB。根据矩阵相乘的规则,C的各元素为(2) 


c11 = a11 * b11 + a12 * b21 
c12 = a11 * b12 + a12 * b22 
c21 = a21 * b11 + a22 * b21 
c22 = a21 * b12 + a22 * b22 

比较(1)(2),C的各元素可以表示为(3) 


c11 = x1 + x4 - x5 + x7 
c12 = x3 + x5 
c21 = x2 + x4 
c22 = x1 + x3 - x2 + x6 

根据以上的方法,我们就可以计算4阶矩阵了,先将4阶矩阵A和B划分成四块2阶矩阵,分别利用公式计算它们的乘积,再使用(1)(3)来计算出最后结果。 


ma11 ma12 mb11 mb12 
A4 = ma21 ma22 B4 = mb21 mb22 

其中 


a11 a12 a13 a14 b11 b12 b13 b14 
ma11 = a21 a22 ma12 = a23 a24 mb11 = b21 b22 mb12 = b23 b24 

a31 a32 a33 a34 b31 b32 b33 b34 
ma21 = a41 a42 ma22 = a43 a44 mb21 = b41 b42 mb22 = b43 b44 

实现 


// 计算2X2矩阵 
void Multiply2X2(float& fOut_11, float& fOut_12, float& fOut_21, float& fOut_22, 
float f1_11, float f1_12, float f1_21, float f1_22, 
float f2_11, float f2_12, float f2_21, float f2_22) 
{ 
const float x1((f1_11 + f1_22) * (f2_11 + f2_22)); 
const float x2((f1_21 + f1_22) * f2_11); 
const float x3(f1_11 * (f2_12 - f2_22)); 
const float x4(f1_22 * (f2_21 - f2_11)); 
const float x5((f1_11 + f1_12) * f2_22); 
const float x6((f1_21 - f1_11) * (f2_11 + f2_12)); 
const float x7((f1_12 - f1_22) * (f2_21 + f2_22)); 
fOut_11 = x1 + x4 - x5 + x7; 
fOut_12 = x3 + x5; 
fOut_21 = x2 + x4; 
fOut_22 = x1 - x2 + x3 + x6; 
} 
// 计算4X4矩阵 
void Multiply(CLAYMATRIX& mOut, const CLAYMATRIX& m1, const CLAYMATRIX& m2) 
{ 
float fTmp[7][4]; 
// (ma11 + ma22) * (mb11 + mb22) 
Multiply2X2(fTmp[0][0], fTmp[0][1], fTmp[0][2], fTmp[0][3], 
m1._11 + m1._33, m1._12 + m1._34, m1._21 + m1._43, m1._22 + m1._44, 
m2._11 + m2._33, m2._12 + m2._34, m2._21 + m2._43, m2._22 + m2._44); 
// (ma21 + ma22) * mb11 
Multiply2X2(fTmp[1][0], fTmp[1][1], fTmp[1][2], fTmp[1][3], 
m1._31 + m1._33, m1._32 + m1._34, m1._41 + m1._43, m1._42 + m1._44, 
m2._11, m2._12, m2._21, m2._22); 
// ma11 * (mb12 - mb22) 
Multiply2X2(fTmp[2][0], fTmp[2][1], fTmp[2][2], fTmp[2][3], 
m1._11, m1._12, m1._21, m1._22, 
m2._13 - m2._33, m2._14 - m2._34, m2._23 - m2._43, m2._24 - m2._44); 
// ma22 * (mb21 - mb11) 
Multiply2X2(fTmp[3][0], fTmp[3][1], fTmp[3][2], fTmp[3][3], 
m1._33, m1._34, m1._43, m1._44, 
m2._31 - m2._11, m2._32 - m2._12, m2._41 - m2._21, m2._42 - m2._22); 
// (ma11 + ma12) * mb22 
Multiply2X2(fTmp[4][0], fTmp[4][1], fTmp[4][2], fTmp[4][3], 
m1._11 + m1._13, m1._12 + m1._14, m1._21 + m1._23, m1._22 + m1._24, 
m2._33, m2._34, m2._43, m2._44); 
// (ma21 - ma11) * (mb11 + mb12) 
Multiply2X2(fTmp[5][0], fTmp[5][1], fTmp[5][2], fTmp[5][3], 
m1._31 - m1._11, m1._32 - m1._12, m1._41 - m1._21, m1._42 - m1._22, 
m2._11 + m2._13, m2._12 + m2._14, m2._21 + m2._23, m2._22 + m2._24); 
// (ma12 - ma22) * (mb21 + mb22) 
Multiply2X2(fTmp[6][0], fTmp[6][1], fTmp[6][2], fTmp[6][3], 
m1._13 - m1._33, m1._14 - m1._34, m1._23 - m1._43, m1._24 - m1._44, 
m2._31 + m2._33, m2._32 + m2._34, m2._41 + m2._43, m2._42 + m2._44); 
// 第一块 
mOut._11 = fTmp[0][0] + fTmp[3][0] - fTmp[4][0] + fTmp[6][0]; 
mOut._12 = fTmp[0][1] + fTmp[3][1] - fTmp[4][1] + fTmp[6][1]; 
mOut._21 = fTmp[0][2] + fTmp[3][2] - fTmp[4][2] + fTmp[6][2]; 
mOut._22 = fTmp[0][3] + fTmp[3][3] - fTmp[4][3] + fTmp[6][3]; 
// 第二块 
mOut._13 = fTmp[2][0] + fTmp[4][0]; 
mOut._14 = fTmp[2][1] + fTmp[4][1]; 
mOut._23 = fTmp[2][2] + fTmp[4][2]; 
mOut._24 = fTmp[2][3] + fTmp[4][3]; 
// 第三块 
mOut._31 = fTmp[1][0] + fTmp[3][0]; 
mOut._32 = fTmp[1][1] + fTmp[3][1]; 
mOut._41 = fTmp[1][2] + fTmp[3][2]; 
mOut._42 = fTmp[1][3] + fTmp[3][3]; 
// 第四块 
mOut._33 = fTmp[0][0] - fTmp[1][0] + fTmp[2][0] + fTmp[5][0]; 
mOut._34 = fTmp[0][1] - fTmp[1][1] + fTmp[2][1] + fTmp[5][1]; 
mOut._43 = fTmp[0][2] - fTmp[1][2] + fTmp[2][2] + fTmp[5][2]; 
mOut._44 = fTmp[0][3] - fTmp[1][3] + fTmp[2][3] + fTmp[5][3]; 
}