由于类是引用类型，因此类对象的变量引用该对象在托管堆上的地址。如果将同一类型的第二个对象分配给第一个对象，则两个变量都引用该地址的对象。这一点将在本主题后面部分进行更详细的讨论。
类的实例是使用 new 运算符创建的。在下面的示例中，Person 为类型，person1 和 person 2 为该类型的实例（即对象）。
public class Person
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
public Person(string name, int age)
{
Name = name;
Age = age;
}
//Other properties, methods, events...
}
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Person person1 = new Person("Leopold", 6);
Console.WriteLine("person1 Name = {0} Age = {1}", person1.Name, person1.Age);
// Declare new person, assign person1 to it.
Person person2 = person1;
//Change the name of person2, and person1 also changes.
person2.Name = "Molly";
person2.Age = 16;
Console.WriteLine("person2 Name = {0} Age = {1}", person2.Name, person2.Age);
Console.WriteLine("person1 Name = {0} Age = {1}", person1.Name, person1.Age);
// Keep the console open in debug mode.
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
输出：
person1 Name = Leopold Age = 6
person2 Name = Molly Age = 16
person1 Name = Molly Age = 16
由于结构是值类型，因此结构对象的变量具有整个对象的副本。结构的实例也可以使用 new 运算符来创建，但这不是必需的，如下面的示例所示：
public struct Person
{
public string Name;
public int Age;
public Person(string name, int age)
{
Name = name;
Age = age;
}
}
public class Application
{
static void Main()
{
// Create struct instance and initialize by using "new".
// Memory is allocated on thread stack.
Person p1 = new Person("Alex", 9);
Console.WriteLine("p1 Name = {0} Age = {1}", p1.Name, p1.Age);
// Create new struct object. Note that struct can be initialized
// without using "new".
Person p2 = p1;
// Assign values to p2 members.
p2.Name = "Spencer";
p2.Age = 7;
Console.WriteLine("p2 Name = {0} Age = {1}", p2.Name, p2.Age);
// p1 values remain unchanged because p2 is copy.
Console.WriteLine("p1 Name = {0} Age = {1}", p1.Name, p1.Age);
// Keep the console open in debug mode.
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
输出：
p1 Name = Alex Age = 9
p2 Name = Spencer Age = 7
p1 Name = Alex Age = 9
