>>> import b
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "b.py", line 1, in <module>
import a
File "a.py", line 6, in <module>
print f()
File "a.py", line 4, in f
return b.x
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'x'
出错了,这里的问题是,在导入b.py的过程中还要试图导入a.py,这样就要调用f(),并且试图访问b.x。但是b.x并未被定义。
可以这样解决,仅仅修改b.py导入到a.py中的g()函数:
x = 1
def g():
import a # This will be evaluated only when g() is called
print a.f()
无论何时导入,一切都可以正常运行:
>>> import b
>>> b.g()
1 # Printed a first time since module 'a' calls 'print f()' at the end
1 # Printed a second time, this one is our call to 'g'
8.与Python标准库模块名称冲突
Python拥有非常丰富的模块库,并且支持“开箱即用”。因此,如果不刻意避免,很容易发生命名冲突事件。例如,在你的代码中可能有一个email.py的模块,由于名称一致,它很有可能与Python自带的标准库模块发生冲突。
9.未按规定处理Python2.x和Python3.x之间的区别
看一下foo.py:
import sys
def bar(i):
if i == 1:
raise KeyError(1)
if i == 2:
raise ValueError(2)
def bad():
e = None
try:
bar(int(sys.argv[1]))
except KeyError as e:
print('key error')
except ValueError as e:
print('value error')
print(e)
bad()
在Python 2里面可以很好地运行:
$ python foo.py 1
key error
1
$ python foo.py 2
value error
2
但是在Python 3里:
$ python3 foo.py 1
key error
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "foo.py", line 19, in <module>
bad()
File "foo.py", line 17, in bad
print(e)
UnboundLocalError: local variable 'e' referenced before assignment
解决方案:
import sys
def bar(i):
if i == 1:
raise KeyError(1)










