end
# create an object
box = Box.new(10, 20)
# let us freez this object
box.freeze
if( box.frozen? )
puts "Box object is frozen object"
else
puts "Box object is normal object"
end
# now try using setter methods
box.setWidth = 30
box.setHeight = 50
# use accessor methods
x = box.getWidth()
y = box.getHeight()
puts "Width of the box is : #{x}"
puts "Height of the box is : #{y}"
当上面的代码执行时,它会产生以下结果:
Box object is frozen object
test.rb:20:in `setWidth=': can't modify frozen object (TypeError)
from test.rb:39
类常量:
可以在类里定义分配一个直接的数字或字符串值,而不使用其定义一个变量为@@ 或 @。按照规范,我们保持常量名大写。
一个常量一旦被定义就不能改变它的值,但可以在类里像常量一样直接访问,但如果要访问一个类之外的常量,那么要使用类名::常量,所示在下面的例子。
#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
# define a class
class Box
BOX_COMPANY = "TATA Inc"
BOXWEIGHT = 10
# constructor method
def initialize(w,h)
@width, @height = w, h
end
# instance method
def getArea
@width * @height
end
end
# create an object
box = Box.new(10, 20)
# call instance methods
a = box.getArea()
puts "Area of the box is : #{a}"
puts Box::BOX_COMPANY
puts "Box weight is: #{Box::BOXWEIGHT}"
当上面的代码执行时,它会产生以下结果:
Area of the box is : 200
TATA Inc
Box weight is: 10
类常量继承和实例方法一样,可以覆盖。
创建对象使用分配:
当创建一个对象,而不调用它的构造函数初始化,即可能有一个情况:采用 new 方法,在这种情况下可以调用分配,这将创造一个未初始化的对象,看下面的例子:
#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
# define a class
class Box
attr_accessor :width, :height
# constructor method
def initialize(w,h)
@width, @height = w, h
end
# instance method
def getArea
@width * @height
end
end
# create an object using new
box1 = Box.new(10, 20)
# create another object using allocate
box2 = Box.allocate
# call instance method using box1
a = box1.getArea()
puts "Area of the box is : #{a}"










