class Registry
{
protected static $_connection;
/**
* Creates a connection
*/
protected static function _createConnection()
{
return new Connection(array(
"host" => "localhost",
"username" => "root",
"password" => "secret",
"dbname" => "invo"
));
}
/**
* Creates a connection only once and returns it
*/
public static function getSharedConnection()
{
if (self::$_connection===null){
$connection = self::_createConnection();
self::$_connection = $connection;
}
return self::$_connection;
}
/**
* Always returns a new connection
*/
public static function getNewConnection()
{
return self::_createConnection();
}
}
class SomeComponent
{
protected $_connection;
/**
* Sets the connection externally
*/
public function setConnection($connection){
$this->_connection = $connection;
}
/**
* This method always needs the shared connection
*/
public function someDbTask()
{
$connection = $this->_connection;
// ...
}
/**
* This method always needs a new connection
*/
public function someOtherDbTask($connection)
{
}
}
$some = new SomeComponent();
//This injects the shared connection
$some->setConnection(Registry::getSharedConnection());
$some->someDbTask();
//Here, we always pass a new connection as parameter
$some->someOtherDbTask(Registry::getConnection());
到此为止，我们已经看到了如何使用依赖注入解决我们的问题。不是在代码内部创建依赖关系，而是让其作为一个参数传递，这使得我们的程序更容易维护，降低程序代码的耦合度，实现一种松耦合。但是从长远来看，这种形式的依赖注入也有一些缺点。
例如，如果组件中有较多的依赖关系，我们需要创建多个setter方法传递，或创建构造函数进行传递。另外，每次使用组件时，都需要创建依赖组件，使代码维护不太易，我们编写的代码可能像这样：
//Create the dependencies or retrieve them from the registry $connection = new Connection(); $session = new Session(); $fileSystem = new FileSystem(); $filter = new Filter(); $selector = new Selector(); //Pass them as constructor parameters $some = new SomeComponent($connection, $session, $fileSystem, $filter, $selector); // ... or using setters $some->setConnection($connection); $some->setSession($session); $some->setFileSystem($fileSystem); $some->setFilter($filter); $some->setSelector($selector);
我想，我们不得不在应用程序的许多地方创建这个对象。如果你不需要依赖的组件后，我们又要去代码注入部分移除构造函数中的参数或者是setter方法。为了解决这个问题，我们再次返回去使用一个全局注册表来创建组件。但是，在创建对象之前，它增加了一个新的抽象层：
class SomeComponent
{
// ...
/**
* Define a factory method to create SomeComponent instances injecting its dependencies
*/
public static function factory()
{
$connection = new Connection();
$session = new Session();
$fileSystem = new FileSystem();
$filter = new Filter();
$selector = new Selector();
return new self($connection, $session, $fileSystem, $filter, $selector);
}
}
