目录
数据库的启动过程（3个台阶）1.nomount2.mount3.open数据库的启动过程（3个台阶）
1.nomount
shutdown>
startup nomount
select status from v$instance;
SQL> SQL> conn / as sysdba Connected to an idle instance. SQL> SQL> startup nomount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 629145392 bytes Fixed Size 9137968 bytes Variable Size 197132288 bytes Database Buffers 415236096 bytes Redo Buffers 7639040 bytes SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ STARTED SQL>
数据库启动到nomount做了什么？
- 分配实例（ipcs -sm, ps -ef | grep ora_）写审计文件和警报日志
数据库启动到nomount需要什么？
- 参数文件需要审计目录和诊断目录
nomount状态可以做什么？
- 可以修改参数可以查看内存和后台进程的信息可以创建数据库可以重建控制文件
SQL> SQL> select * from v$sgainfo; NAME BYTES RES CON_ID -------------------------------- ---------- --- ---------- Fixed SGA Size 9137968 No 0 Redo Buffers 7639040 No 0 Buffer Cache Size 411041792 Yes 0 In-Memory Area Size 0 No 0 Shared Pool Size 197132288 Yes 0 Large Pool Size 4194304 Yes 0 Java Pool Size 0 Yes 0 Streams Pool Size 0 Yes 0 Shared IO Pool Size 0 Yes 0 Data Transfer Cache Size 0 Yes 0 Granule Size 4194304 No 0 NAME BYTES RES CON_ID -------------------------------- ---------- --- ---------- Maximum SGA Size 629145392 No 0 Startup overhead in Shared Pool 193465328 No 0 Free SGA Memory Available 0 0 14 rows selected. SQL> select name from v$bgprocess where paddr<>'00'; NAME ----- PMON CLMN PSP0 VKTM GEN0 MMAN M000 GEN1 SCMN DIAG OFSD NAME ----- SCMN DBRM VKRM SVCB PMAN DIA0 DBW0 LGWR CKPT LG00 SMON NAME ----- LG01 SMCO RECO W000 LREG W001 PXMN FENC D000 MMON MMNL NAME ----- S000 TMON 35 rows selected. SQL>
2.mount
shutdown>
- startup mount
nomount --> mount
- alter database mount;
SQL> SQL> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ STARTED SQL> alter database mount; Database altered. SQL> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ MOUNTED SQL>
数据库启动到mount做了什么？
- 加载控制文件的信息到内存
数据库启动到mount状态需要做什么？
- 控制文件
mount状态可以做什么？
- 可以备份、还原、恢复可以移动数据库文件可以进行数据文件的offline可以打开和关闭归档模式可以打开和关闭闪回数据库的功能
SQL> SQL> select name from v$datafile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u02/oradata/CDB1/system01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/sysaux01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/undotbs01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdbseed/system01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/users01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/system01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/sysaux01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/undotbs01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/users01.dbf 11 rows selected. SQL> select name from v$tempfile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u02/oradata/CDB1/temp01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdbseed/temp012022-11-02_15-16-24-663-PM.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/temp01.dbf SQL> SQL> select member from v$logfile; MEMBER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo03.log /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo02.log /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo01.log SQL>
3.open
shutdown>
- startup
nomount ----> open
- alter database mount;alter datbase open;
只读方式去打开数据库
SQL> SQL> startup mount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 629145392 bytes Fixed Size 9137968 bytes Variable Size 197132288 bytes Database Buffers 415236096 bytes Redo Buffers 7639040 bytes Database mounted. SQL> SQL> SQL> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ MOUNTED SQL> SQL> alter database open read only; Database altered. SQL> SQL> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ OPEN SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> select open_mode from v$database; OPEN_MODE -------------------- READ ONLY SQL>
SQL> SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 629145392 bytes Fixed Size 9137968 bytes Variable Size 197132288 bytes Database Buffers 415236096 bytes Redo Buffers 7639040 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL>
数据库启动到open做了什么？
- 加载联机日志和数据文件
数据库启动到open需要什么？
- 联机日志和数据文件
open状态可以做什么？
数据库的停止（四种模式）
1.正常停库： shutdown normal = shutdown
- 普通用户的连接不允许建立等待查询结束等待事务结束产生检查点（数据同步）关闭联机日志和数据文件关闭控制文件关闭实例
2.事务级停库： shutdown transactional
- 普通用户的连接不允许建立查询被终止等待事务结束产生检查点（数据同步）关闭联机日志和数据文件关闭控制文件关闭实例
3.立即停库 ： shutdown immediate (生产库最常用的停库方式)
- 普通用户的连接不允许建立查询被终止事务被回退产生检查点（数据同步）关闭联机日志和数据文件关闭控制文件关闭实例
4.强制停库 ： shutdown abort
相当于拔电源
（停止之后的数据库是脏库）
注意：这些命令需要慎用
startup force = shutdown abort + startup startup force nomount = shutdown abort + startup nomount startup force mount = shutdown abort + startup mount
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