Python利用prettytable实现格式化输出内容

目录楔子添加表头、添加行、添加列输出指定行、指定列设置表格样式设置对齐方式设置边框样式楔子我们用MySQL客户端查询数据的时候，是以下面这种格式显示的：内容展示的非常漂亮，而Python有一个...

目录

楔子

我们用 mysql 客户端查询数据的时候，是以下面这种格式显示的：

内容展示的非常漂亮，而 python 有一个第三方模块叫 prettytable，专门用来将数据以上面这种格式输出，我们来看一下用法。

添加表头、添加行、添加列

类似于数据库中的表，由表头（或者说字段名），以及每一行的内容组成。

fromprettytableimportPrettyTable

#传入的name、age、country相当于表头
tb=PrettyTable(["name","age","country"])
#调用add_row添加行记录
tb.add_row(["JackMorrison",49,"America"])
tb.add_row(["ShimadaGenji",35,"Japan"])
tb.add_row(["ShimadaHanzo",38,"Japan"])
tb.add_row(["AngelaZiegler",37,"Switzerland"])

print(tb)
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+
|name|age|country|
+----------------+----http://www.cppcns.com-+-------------+
|JackMorrison|49|America|
|ShimadaGenji|35|Japan|
|ShimadaHanzo|38|Japan|
|AngelaZiegler|37|Switzerland|
+----------------+-----+-------------+
"""

如果在编写的过程中，我们需要临时添加一列，prettytable 也是支持的。

fromprettytableimportPrettyTable

tb=PrettyTable(["name","age","country"])
tb.add_row(["JackMorrison",49,"America"])
tb.add_row(["ShimadaGenji",35,"Japan"])
tb.add_row(["ShimadaHanzo",38,"Japan"])
tb.add_row(["AngelaZiegler",37,"Switzerland"])

#调用add_column添加一列
tb.add_column("gender",
["male","male","male","female"])
print(tb)
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
|name|age|country|gender|
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
|JackMorrison|49|America|male|
|ShimadaGenji|35|Japan|male|
|ShijsmadaHanzo|38|Japan|male|
|AngelaZiegler|37|Switzerland|female|
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
"""

输出内容是不是和 MySQL数据库类似呢。

此外 prettytable 还支持从 csv、数据库、html 等数据源中导入数据，但说实话，从数据源读取数据我们一般使用 pandas，并且还会伴随着数据处理。而使用 prettytable 只是为了让程序中产生的信息，能够以结构化的形式打印，很少会从文件或数据库里面读数据。

输出指定行、指定列

我们也可以输出 table 的指定行、指定列。

fromprettytableimportPrettyTable

tb=PrettyTable(["name","age","country","gender"])
tb.add_row(["JackMorrison",49,"America","male"])
tb.add_row(["ShimadaGenji",35,"Japan","male"])
tb.add_row(["ShimadaHanzo",38,"Japan","male"])
tb.add_row(["AngelaZiegler",37,"Switzerland","female"])
#只输出name和age两列
#start和end表示开始和结束的行数(从0开始)
print(tb.get_string(fields=["name","age"],
start=1,end=3))
"""
+---------------+-----+
|name|age|
+---------------+-----+
|ShimadaGenji|35|
|ShimadaHanzo|38|
+---------------+-----+
"""

#此外可以用来进行排序
print(tb.get_string(sortby="age",reversesort=True))
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
|name|age|country|gender|
+----------------+-----+-----php--------+--------+
|JackMorrison|49|America|male|
|ShimadaHanzo|38|Japan|male|
|AngelaZiegler|37|Switzerland|female|
|ShimadaGenji|35|Japan|male|
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
"""

设置表格样式

表格也支持几种不同的样式，供我们选择。

fromprettytableimport*

tb=PrettyTable(["name","age","country","gender"])
tb.add_row(["JackMorrison",49,"America","male"])
tb.add_row(["ShimadaGenji",35,"Japan","male"])
tb.add_row(["ShimadaHanzo",38,"Japan","male"])
tb.add_row(["AngelaZiegler",37,"Switzerland","female"])

#样式支持以下几种：
#DEFAULT、MSWORD_FRIENDLY、PLAIN_COLUMNS、RANDOM
#之前的样式就是DEFAULT
tb.set_style(MSWORD_FRIENDLY)
print(tb)
"""
|name|age|country|gender|
|JackMorrison|49|America|male|
|ShimadaGenji|35|Japan|male|
|ShimadaHanzo|38|Japan|male|
|AngelaZiegler|37|Switzerland|female|
"""

tb.set_style(PLAIN_COLUMNS)
print(tb)
"""
nameagecountrygender
JackMorrison49Americamale
ShimadaGenji35Japanmale
ShimadaHanzo38Japanmale
AngelaZiegler37Switzerlandfemale
"""

tb.set_style(RANDOM)
print(tb)
"""
;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;
.nameagecountrygender.
;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;
.JackMorrison49Americamale.
.ShimadaGenji35Japanmale.
.ShimadaHanzo38Japanmale.
.AngelaZiegler37Switzerlandfemale.
;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;
"""

说实话，还是默认的 DEFAULT 样式最好看。

设置对齐方式

fromprettytableimport*

tb=PrettyTable(["name","age","country","gender"])
tb.add_row(["JackMorrison",49,"America","male"])
tb.add_row(["ShimadaGenji",35,"Japan","male"])
tb.add_row(["ShimadaHanzo",38,"Japan","male"])
tb.add_row(["AngelaZiegler",37,"Switzerland","female"])

#l代表左对齐，c代表居中，r代表右对齐
#默认居中
tb.align["name"]="l"
tb.align["age"]="c"
tb.align["country"]="r"
print(tb)
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
|name|age|country|gender|
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
|JackMorrison|49|America|male|
|ShimadaGenji|35|Japan|male|
|ShimadaHanzo|38|Japan|male|
|AngelaZiegler|37|Switzerland|female|
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
"""

设置边框样式

在 PrettyTable 中，边框由三个部分组成：横边框，竖边框，和边框连接符，我们都可以修改。

fromprettytableimport*

tb=PrettyTable(["name","age","country","gender"])
tb.add_row(["JackMorrison",49,"America","male"])
tb.add_row(["ShimadaGenji",35,"Japan","male"])
tb.add_row(["ShimadaHanzo",38,"Japan","male"])
tb.add_row(["AngelaZiegler",37,"Switzerland","female"])

#是否显示边框，默认为True
tb.border=True
#横边框
tb.horizontal_char='^'
#竖边框
tb.vertical_char='>'
#边框连接符
tb.junction_char='~'

print(tb)
"""
~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^~
>name>age>country>gender>
~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^~
>JackMorrison>49>America>male>
>ShimadaGenji>35>Japan>male>
>ShimadaHanzo>38>Japan>male>
>AngelaZiegler>37>Switzerland>female>
~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^~
"""

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