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MySQL逻辑备份into outfile

2022-06-10 19:25:19

目录逻辑数据导出（备份）逻辑数据导入（恢复）综合示例例一查看备份删除数据并测试例二导入数据库例三创建数据库存储逻辑数据导出（备份）用法：selectxxxintooutfile'/path/f...

目录
逻辑数据导出（备份）
逻辑数据导入（恢复）
综合示例
例一
查看备份
删除数据并测试
例二
导入数据库
例三
创建数据库
 存储

逻辑数据导出（备份）

用法：

select xxx into outfile '/path/file' from table_name;
mysql>select * into outfile '/back/emp3.sql' from emp;

无论是什么存储引擎，本身是一种数据导出的方法，同时可以用来辅助备份，它可以对一个表的其中一列或者某几列做备份，如果是多列的话用逗号隔开

逻辑数据导入（恢复）

方法一：

load data local infile '/path/file' into table table_name;
mysql> load data local infile '/back/emp.sql' into table emp;

 说明：该方法要求在编译数据库时要加上--enable-local-infile参数才可以使用

方法二：

# mysqlimport dbname /path/filename

说明：filename 必须和数据库里面表名一样

 

综合示例

例一

# 创建表
mysql> create table t1(id int, name varchar(32));
# 插入数据
mysql> insert into t1 values(1,'haha'),(2,'wowo'),(3,'lili'),(4,'yoyo');
# 查看表
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | haha |
| 2 | wowo |
| 3 | lili |
| 4 | yoyo |
+------+------+
# 备份
mysql> select id, name into outfile '/tmp/back_mysql' from t1;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看备份

[root@Admin ~]# cat /tmp/back_mysql
1 haha
2 wowo
3 lili
4 yoyo

删除数据并测试

mysql> delete from t1 where id=3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | haha |
| 2 | wowo |
| 4 | yoyo |
+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> load data local infile '/tmp/back_mysql' into table t1;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | haha |
| 2 | wowo |
| 4 | yoyo |
| 1 | haha |
| 2 | wowo |
| 3 | lili |
| 4 | yoyo |
+------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

View Code

例二

创建一个表，把系统里的/etc/passwd导入数据库

create table password(
username varchar(40),
password char(5),
uid int,
gid int,
comment varchar(30),
homedir varchar(30),
shell varchar(30));

处理passwd文件，将：替换成制表符

[root@Admin ~]# sed -n 's/:/t/gp' /etc/passwd >/tmp/passwd

导入数据库

方法一：

mysql> load data local infile '/tmp/passwd' into table password;
mysql> select * from password;
+---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+
| username   | password | uid  | gid  | comment           | homedir        | shell     |
+---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+
| root     | x    |   0 |   0 | root             | /root         | /bin/bash   |
| bin      | x    |   1 |   1 | bin             | /bin          | /sbin/nologin |
| daemon    | x    |   2 |   2 | daemon            | /sbin         | /sbin/nologin |
| adm      | x    |   3 |   4 | adm             | /var/adm        | /sbin/nologin |
| lp      | x    |   4 |   7 | lp              | /var/spool/lpd     | /sbin/nologin |
| sync     | x    |   5 |   0 | sync             | /sbin         | /bin/sync   |
| shutdown   | x    |   6 |   0 | shutdown           | /sbin         | /sbin/shutdown |
| halt     | x    |   7 |   0 | halt             | /sbin         | /sbin/halt   |
| mail     | x    |   8 |  12 | mail             | /var/spool/mail    | /sbin/nologin |
| uucp     | x    |  10 |  14 | uucp             | /var/spool/uucp    | /sbin/nologin |
| operator   | x    |  11 |   0 | operator           | /root         | /sbin/nologin |
| games     | x    |  12 |  100 | games            | /usr/games       | /sbin/nologin |
| gopher    | x    |  13 |  30 | gopher            | /var/gopher      | /sbin/nologin |
| ftp      | x    |  14 |  50 | FTP User           | /var/ftp        | /sbin/nologin |
| nobody    | x    |  99 |  99 | Nobody            | /           | /sbin/nologin |
| dbus     | x    |  81 |  81 | System message bus      | /           | /sbin/nologin |
| usbmuxd    | x    |  113 |  113 | usbmuxd user         | /           | /sbin/nologin |
| rpc      | x    |  32 |  32 | Rpcbind Daemon        | /var/lib/rpcbind    | /sbin/nologin |
| rtkit     | x    |  499 |  499 | RealtimeKit         | /proc         | /sbin/nologin |
| avahi-autoipd | x    |  170 |  170 | Avahi IPv4LL Stack      | /var/lib/avahi-autoipd | /sbin/nologin |
| vcsa     | x    |  69 |  69 | virtual console memory owner | /dev          | /sbin/nologin |
| abrt     | x    |  173 |  173 |               | /etc/abrt       | /sbin/nologin |
| rpcuser    | x    |  29 |  29 | RPC Service User       | /var/lib/nfs      | /sbin/nologin |
| nfsnobody   | x    | 65534 | 65534 | Anonymous NFS User      | /var/lib/nfs      | /sbin/nologin |
| haldaemon   | x    |  68 |  68 | HAL daemon          | /           | /sbin/nologin |
| ntp      | x    |  38 |  38 |               | /etc/ntp        | /sbin/nologin |
| apache    | x    |  48 |  48 | Apache            | /var/www        | /sbin/nologin |
| saslauth   | x    |  498 |  76 | Saslauthd user        | /var/empty/saslauth  | /sbin/nologin |
| postfix    | x    |  89 |  89 |               | /var/spool/postfix   | /sbin/nologin |
| gdm      | x    |  42 |  42 |               | /var/lib/gdm      | /sbin/nologin |
| pulse     | x    |  497 |  496 | PulseAudio System Daemon   | /var/run/pulse     | /sbin/nologin |
| sshd     | x    |  74 |  74 | Privilege-separated SSH   | /var/empty/sshd    | /sbin/nologin |
| tcpdump    | x    |  72 |  72 |               | /           | /sbin/nologin |
| mysql     | x    |  27 |  27 | MySQL Server         | /var/lib/mysql     | /bin/bash   |
+---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+

方法二：

通过mysqlimport进行导入

注意：导入的文件名必须和表名一样

[root@Admin ~]# cp /etc/passwd /tmp/password
[root@Admin ~]# mysqlimport --fields-terminated-by=':' --lines-terminated-by='n' login '/tmp/password'
login.password: Records: 34 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

说明：文件不需处理， 通过--fields-terminated-by=':' 和 --lines-terminated-by='n' 将passwd文件中的冒号替换为制表符

mysql> select * from password;
+---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+
| username | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell |
+---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+
| root | x | 0 | 0 | root | /root | /bin/bash |
| bin | x | 1 | 1 | bin | /bin | /sbin/nologin |
| daemon | x | 2 | 2 | daemon | /sbin | /sbin/nologin |
| adm | x | 3 | 4 | adm | /var/adm | /sbin/nologin |
| lp | x | 4 | 7 | lp | /var/spool/lpd | /sbin/nologin |
| sync | x | 5 | 0 | sync | /sbin | /bin/sync |
| shutdown | x | 6 | 0 | shutdown | /sbin | /sbin/shutdown |
| halt | x | 7 | 0 | halt | /sbin | /sbin/halt |
| mail | x | 8 | 12 | mail | /var/spool/mail | /sbin/nologin |
| uucp | x | 10 | 14 | uucp | /var/spool/uucp | /sbin/nologin |
| operator | x | 11 | 0 | operator | /root | /sbin/nologin |
| games | x | 12 | 100 | games | /usr/games | /sbin/nologin |
| gopher | x | 13 | 30 | gopher | /var/gopher | /sbin/nologin |
| ftp | x | 14 | 50 | FTP User | /var/ftp | /sbin/nologin |
| nobody | x | 99 | 99 | Nobody | / | /sbin/nologin |
| dbus | x | 81 | 81 | System message bus | / | /sbin/nologin |
| usbmuxd | x | 113 | 113 | usbmuxd user | / | /sbin/nologin |
| rpc | x | 32 | 32 | Rpcbind Daemon | /var/lib/rpcbind | /sbin/nologin |
| rtkit | x | 499 | 499 | RealtimeKit | /proc | /sbin/nologin |
| avahi-autoipd | x | 170 | 170 | Avahi IPv4LL Stack | /var/lib/avahi-autoipd | /sbin/nologin |
| vcsa | x | 69 | 69 | virtual console memory owner | /dev | /sbin/nologin |
| abrt | x | 173 | 173 | | /etc/abrt | /sbin/nologin |
| rpcuser | x | 29 | 29 | RPC Service User | /var/lib/nfs | /sbin/nologin |
| nfsnobody | x | 65534 | 65534 | Anonymous NFS User | /var/lib/nfs | /sbin/nologin |
| haldaemon | x | 68 | 68 | HAL daemon | / | /sbin/nologin |
| ntp | x | 38 | 38 | | /etc/ntp | /sbin/nologin |
| apache | x | 48 | 48 | Apache | /var/www | /sbin/nologin |
| saslauth | x | 498 | 76 | Saslauthd user | /var/empty/saslauth | /sbin/nologin |
| postfix | x | 89 | 89 | | /var/spool/postfix | /sbin/nologin |
| gdm | x | 42 | 42 | | /var/lib/gdm | /sbin/nologin |
| pulse | x | 497 | 496 | PulseAudio System Daemon | /var/run/pulse | /sbin/nologin |
| sshd | x | 74 | 74 | Privilege-separated SSH | /var/empty/sshd | /sbin/nologin |
| tcpdump | x | 72 | 72 | | / | /sbin/nologin |
| mysql | x | 27 | 27 | MySQL Server | /var/lib/mysql | /bin/bash |
+---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+
34 rows in set (0.00 sec)

例三

把用户登录系统的信息存储到数据库里

需要显示如下：

select username 用户名, tty 登录终端, ip 来源IP from login;

创建数据库

mysql> create table login( username varchar(40), tty varchar(40), ip varchar(50));

处理登录数据并存储在文件里：

[root@Admin ~]# last -f /var/log/wtmp |sed -r '/^reboot|^wtmp/d' |awk '{print $1"t"$2"t"$3}'|tee /tmp/login

 存储

方法一：

mysql> load data local infile '/tmp/login' into table login;

方法二：

[root@Admin ~]# mysqlimport login '/tmp/login'

查看结果：

mysql> select username 用户名, tty 登录终端, ip 来源IP from login;
+-----------+--------------+---------------+
| 用户名 | 登录终端 | 来源IP |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+
| root | pts/2 | 192.168.1.131 |
| root | pts/1 | 192.168.1.131 |
| root | pts/1 | 192.168.1.131 |
| root | pts/0 | :0.0 |
| root | tty1 | :0 |
| root | pts/0 | :0.0 |
| root | tty1 | :0 |
| | | |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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