Python爬取京东商品信息评论存并进MySQL

目录构建mysql数据表第一版：第二版：第三版：构建mysql数据表问题：使用SQLalchemy时，非主键不能设置为自增长，但是我想让这个非主键仅仅是为了作为索引，autoincrement=Tr...

构建mysql数据表

问题：使用SQL alchemy时，非主键不能设置为自增长，但是我想让这个非主键仅仅是为了作为索引，autoincrement=True无效，该怎么实现让它自增长呢？

from sqlalchemy import String,Integer,Text,Column
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.orm import scoped_session
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

engine=create_engine(
  "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/jdcrawl?charset=utf8",
  pool_size=200,
  max_overflow=300,
  echo=False
)

BASE=declarative_base() # 实例化

class Goods(BASE):
  __tablename__='goods'
  id=Column(Integer(),primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
  sku_id = Column(String(200), primary_key=True, autoincrement=False)
  name=Column(String(200))
  price=Column(String(200))
  comments_num=Column(Integer)
  shop=Column(String(200))
  link=Column(String(200))

class Comments(BASE):
  __tablename__='comments'
  id=Column(Integer(),primary_key=True,autoincrement=True,nullable=False)
  sku_id=Column(String(200),primary_key=True,autoincrement=False)
  comments=Column(Text())

BASE.metadata.create_all(engine)
Session=sessionmaker(engine)
sess_db=scoped_session(Session)

第一版：

问题：爬取几页评论后就会爬取到空白页，添加refer后依旧如此

尝试解决方法：将获取评论地方的线程池改为单线程，并每获取一页评论增加延时1s

# 不能爬太快！！！不然获取不到评论

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
from urllib import parse
import csv,json,re
import threadpool
import time
from jd_mysqldb import Goods,Comments,sess_db

headers={
  'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
  'Cookie': '__jdv=76161171|baidu|-|organic|%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E4%25B8%259C|1613711947911; __jdu=16137119479101182770449; areaId=7; ipLoc-djd=7-458-466-0; PCSYCityID=CN_410000_0_0; shshshfpa=07383463-032f-3f99-9d40-639cb57c6e28-1613711950; shshshfpb=u8S9UvxK66gfIbM1mUNrIOg%3D%3D; user-key=153f6b4d-0704-4e56-82b6-8646f3f0dad4; cn=0; shshshfp=9a88944b34cb0ff3631a0a95907b75eb; __jdc=122270672; 3AB9D23F7A4B3C9B=SEELVNXBPU7OAA3UX5JTKR5LQADM5YFJRKY23Z6HDBU4OT2NWYGX525CKFFVHTRDJ7Q5DJRMRZQIQJOW5GVBY43XVI; jwotest_product=99; __jda=122270672.16137119479101182770449.1613711948.1613738165.1613748918.4; JSESSIONID=C06EC8D2E9384D2628AE22B1A6F9F8FC.s1; shshshsID=ab2ca3143928b1b01f6c5b71a15fcebe_5_1613750374847; __jdb=122270672.5.16137119479101182770449|4.1613748918',
  'Referer': 'https://www.jd.com/'
}

num=0  # 商品数量
comments_num=0  # 评论数量

# 获取商品信息和SkuId
def getIndex(url):
  session=requests.Session()
  session.headers=headers
  global num
  res=session.get(url,headers=headers)
  print(res.status_code)
  res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
  soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
  items=soup.select('li.gl-item')
  for item in items[:3]: # 爬取3个商品测试
    title=item.select_one('.p-name a em').text.strip().replace(' ','')
    price=item.select_one('.p-price strong').text.strip().replace('￥','')
    try:
      shop=item.select_one('.p-shopnum a').text.strip()  # 获取书籍时查找店铺的方法
    except:
      shop=item.select_one('.p-shop a').text.strip() #  获取其他商品时查找店铺的方法
    link=parse.urljoin('https://',item.select_one('.p-img a').get('href'))
    SkuId=re.search('d+',link).group()
    comments_num=getCommentsNum(SkuId,session)
    print(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)
    print("开始存入数据库...")
    try:
      IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)
    except Exception as e:
      print(e)
      sess_db.rollback()
    num += 1
    print("正在获取评论...")
    # 获取评论总页数
    url1 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page=0&pageSize=10'
    headers['Referer'] = f'https://item.jd.com/{SkuId}.html'
    headers['Connection']='keep-alive'
    res2 = session.get(url1,headers=headers)
    res2.encoding = res2.apparent_encoding
    json_data = json.loads(res2.text)
    max_page = json_data['maxPage'] # 经测试最多可获取100页评论，每页10条
    args = []
    for i in range(0, max_page):
      # 使用此链接获取评论得到的为json格式
      url2 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'
      # 使用此链接获取评论得到的非json格式，需要提取
      # url2_2=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?callback=jquery9287224&productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'
      args.append(([session,SkuId,url2], None))
    pool2 = threadpool.ThreadPool(2)  # 2个线程
    reque2 = threadpool.makeRequests(getComments,args) # 创建任务
    for r in reque2:
      pool2.putRequest(r) # 提交任务到线程池
    pool2.wait()

# 获取评论总数量
def getCommentsNum(SkuId,sess):
  headers['Referer']=f'https://item.jd.com/{SkuId}.html'
  url=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productCommentSummaries.action?referenceIds={SkuId}'
  res=sess.get(url,headers=headers)
  try:
    res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
    json_data=json.loads(res.text) # json格式转为字典
    num=json_data['CommentsCount'][0]['CommentCount']
    return num
  except:
    return 'Error'

# 获取评论
def getComments(sess,SkuId,url2):
  global comments_num
  print(url2)
  headers['Referer'] = f'https://item.jd.com/{SkuId}.html'
  res2 = sess.get(url2,headers=headers)
  res2.encoding='gbk'
  json_data=res2.text
  '''
  # 如果用url2_2需要进行如下操作提取json
  start = res2.text.find('jQuery9287224(') + len('jQuery9287224(')
  end = res2.text.find(');')
  json_data=res2.text[start:end]
  '''
  dict_data = json.loads(json_data)
  try:
    comments=dict_data['comments']
    for item in comments:
      comment=item['content'].replace('n','')
      # print(comment)
      comments_num+=1
      try:
        IntoComments(SkuId,comment)
      except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        sess_db.rollback()
  except:
    pass

# 商品信息入库
def IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num):
  goods_data=Goods(
    sku_id=SkuId,
    name=title,
    price=price,
    comments_num=comments_num,
    shop=shop,
    link=link
  )
  sess_db.add(goods_data)
  sess_db.commit()

# 评论入库
def IntoComments(SkuId,comment):
  comments_data=Comments(
    sku_id=SkuId,
    comments=comment
  )
  sess_db.add(comments_data)
  sess_db.commit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
  start_time=time.time()
  urls=[]
  KEYWORD=parse.quote(input("请输入要查询的关键词："))
  for i in range(1,2):  # 爬取一页进行测试
    url=f'https://search.jd.com/Search?keyword={KEYWORD}&wq={KEYWORD}&page={i}'
    urls.append(([url,],None)) # threadpool要求必须这样写
  pool=threadpool.ThreadPool(2) # 2个线程的线程池
  reque=threadpool.makeRequests(getIndex,urls)  # 创建任务
  for r in reque:
    pool.putRequest(r) # 向线程池提交任务
  pool.wait() # 等待所有任务执行完毕
  print("共获取{}件商品，获得{}条评论，耗时{}".format(num,comments_num,time.time()-start_time))

第二版：

经测试，的确不会出现空白页的情况

进一步优化：同时获取2个以上商品的评论

# 不能爬太快！！！不然获取不到评论
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
from urllib import parse
import csv,json,re
import threadpool
import time
from jd_mysqldb import Goods,Comments,sess_db

headers={
  'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
  'Cookie': '__jdv=76161171|baidu|-|organic|%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E4%25B8%259C|1613711947911; __jdu=16137119479101182770449; areaId=7; ipLoc-djd=7-458-466-0; PCSYCityID=CN_410000_0_0; shshshfpa=07383463-032f-3f99-9d40-639cb57c6e28-1613711950; shshshfpb=u8S9UvxK66gfIbM1mUNrIOg%3D%3D; user-key=153f6b4d-0704-4e56-82b6-8646f3f0dad4; cn=0; shshshfp=9a88944b34cb0ff3631a0a95907b75eb; __jdc=122270672; 3AB9D23F7A4B3C9B=SEELVNXBPU7OAA3UX5JTKR5LQADM5YFJRKY23Z6HDBU4OT2NWYGX525CKFFVHTRDJ7Q5DJRMRZQIQJOW5GVBY43XVI; jwotest_product=99; __jda=122270672.16137119479101182770449.1613711948.1613738165.1613748918.4; JSESSIONID=C06EC8D2E9384D2628AE22B1A6F9F8FC.s1; shshshsID=ab2ca3143928b1b01f6c5b71a15fcebe_5_1613750374847; __jdb=122270672.5.16137119479101182770449|4.1613748918',
  'Referer': 'https://www.jd.com/'
}

num=0  # 商品数量
comments_num=0  # 评论数量

# 获取商品信息和SkuId
def getIndex(url):
  session=requests.Session()
  session.headers=headers
  global num
  res=session.get(url,headers=headers)
  print(res.status_code)
  res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
  soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
  items=soup.select('li.gl-item')
  for item in items[:2]: # 爬取2个商品测试
    title=item.select_one('.p-name a em').text.strip().replace(' ','')
    price=item.select_one('.p-price strong').text.strip().replace('￥','')
    try:
      shop=item.select_one('.p-shopnum a').text.strip()  # 获取书籍时查找店铺的方法
    except:
      shop=item.select_one('.p-shop a').text.strip() #  获取其他商品时查找店铺的方法
    link=parse.urljoin('https://',item.select_one('.p-img a').get('href'))
    SkuId=re.search('d+',link).group()
    headers['Referer'] = f'https://item.jd.com/{SkuId}.html'
    headers['Connection'] = 'keep-alive'
    comments_num=getCommentsNum(SkuId,session)
    print(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)
    print("开始将商品存入数据库...")
    try:
      IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)
    except Exception as e:
      print(e)
      sess_db.rollback()
    num += 1
    print("正在获取评论...")
    # 获取评论总页数
    url1 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page=0&pageSize=10'
    res2 = session.get(url1,headers=headers)
    res2.encoding = res2.apparent_encoding
    json_data = json.loads(res2.text)
    max_page = json_data['maxPage'] # 经测试最多可获取100页评论，每页10条
    print("{}评论共{}页".format(SkuId,max_page))
    if max_page==0:
      IntoComments(SkuId,'0')
    else:
      for i in range(0, max_page):
        # 使用此链接获取评论得到的为json格式
        url2 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'
        # 使用此链接获取评论得到的非json格式，需要提取
        # url2_2=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?callback=jQuery9287224&productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'
        print("开始获取第{}页评论:{}".format(i+1,url2) )
        getComments(session,SkuId,url2)
        time.sleep(1)

# 获取评论总数量
def getCommentsNum(SkuId,sess):
  url=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productCommentSummaries.action?referenceIds={SkuId}'
  res=sess.get(url)
  try:
    res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
    json_data=json.loads(res.text) # json格式转为字典
    num=json_data['CommentsCount'][0]['CommentCount']
    return num
  except:
    return 'Error'

# 获取评论
def getComments(sess,SkuId,url2):
  global comments_num
  res2 = sess.get(url2)
  res2.encoding=res2.apparent_encoding
  json_data=res2.text
  '''
  # 如果用url2_2需要进行如下操作提取json
  start = res2.text.find('jQuery9287224(') + len('jQuery9287224(')
  end = res2.text.find(');')
  json_data=res2.text[start:end]
  '''
  dict_data = json.loads(json_data)
  comments=dict_data['comments']
  for item in comments:
    comment=item['content'].replace('n','')
    # print(comment)
    comments_num+=1
    try:
      IntoComments(SkuId,comment)
    except Exception as e:
      print(e)
      sess_db.rollback()

# 商品信息入库
def IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num):
  goods_data=Goods(
    sku_id=SkuId,
    name=title,
    price=price,
    comments_num=comments_num,
    shop=shop,
    link=link
  )
  sess_db.add(goods_data)
  sess_db.commit()

# 评论入库
def IntoComments(SkuId,comment):
  comments_data=Comments(
    sku_id=SkuId,
    comments=comment
  )
  sess_db.add(comments_data)
  sess_db.commit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
  start_time=time.time()
  urls=[]
  KEYWORD=parse.quote(input("请输入要查询的关键词："))
  for i in range(1,2):  # 爬取一页进行测试
    url=f'https://search.jd.com/Search?keyword={KEYWORD}&wq={KEYWORD}&page={i}'
    urls.append(([url,],None)) # threadpool要求必须这样写
  pool=threadpool.ThreadPool(2) # 2个线程的线程池
  reque=threadpool.makeRequests(getIndex,urls)  # 创建任务
  for r in reque:
    pool.putRequest(r) # 向线程池提交任务
  pool.wait() # 等待所有任务执行完毕
  print("共获取{}件商品，获得{}条评论，耗时{}".format(num,comments_num,time.time()-start_time))

第三版：

。。。。不行，又出现空白页了

# 不能爬太快！！！不然获取不到评论
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
from urllib import parse
import csv,json,re
import threadpool
import time
from jd_mysqldb import Goods,Comments,sess_db

headers={
  'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
  'Cookie': '__jdv=76161171|baidu|-|organic|%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E4%25B8%259C|1613711947911; __jdu=16137119479101182770449; areaId=7; ipLoc-djd=7-458-466-0; PCSYCityID=CN_410000_0_0; shshshfpa=07383463-032f-3f99-9d40-639cb57c6e28-1613711950; shshshfpb=u8S9UvxK66gfIbM1mUNrIOg%3D%3D; user-key=153f6b4d-0704-4e56-82b6-8646f3f0dad4; cn=0; shshshfp=9a88944b34cb0ff3631a0a95907b75eb; __jdc=122270672; 3AB9D23F7A4B3C9B=SEELVNXBPU7OAA3UX5JTKR5LQADM5YFJRKY23Z6HDBU4OT2NWYGX525CKFFVHTRDJ7Q5DJRMRZQIQJOW5GVBY43XVI; jwotest_product=99; __jda=122270672.16137119479101182770449.1613711948.1613738165.1613748918.4; JSESSIONID=C06EC8D2E9384D2628AE22B1A6F9F8FC.s1; shshshsID=ab2ca3143928b1b01f6c5b71a15fcebe_5_1613750374847; __jdb=122270672.5.16137119479101182770449|4.1613748918',
  'Referer': 'https://www.jd.com/'
}

num=0  # 商品数量
comments_num=0  # 评论数量

# 获取商品信息和SkuId
def getIndex(url):
  global num
  skuids=[]
  session=requests.Session()
  session.headers=headers
  res=session.get(url,headers=headers)
  print(res.status_code)
  res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
  soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
  items=soup.select('li.gl-item')
  for item in items[:3]: # 爬取3个商品测试
    title=item.select_one('.p-name a em').text.strip().replace(' ','')
    price=item.select_one('.p-price strong').text.strip().replace('￥','')
    try:
      shop=item.select_one('.p-shopnum a').text.strip()  # 获取书籍时查找店铺的方法
    except:
      shop=item.select_one('.p-shop a').text.strip() #  获取其他商品时查找店铺的方法
    link=parse.urljoin('https://',item.select_one('.p-img a').get('href'))
    SkuId=re.search('d+',link).group()
    skuids.append(([SkuId,session],None))
    headers['Referer'] = f'https://item.jd.com/{SkuId}.html'
    headers['Connection'] = 'keep-alive'
    comments_num=getCommentsNum(SkuId,session) # 评论数量
    print(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)
    print("开始将商品存入数据库...")
    try:
      IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)
    except Exception as e:
      print(e)
      sess_db.rollback()
    num += 1
  print("开始获取评论并存入数据库...")
  pool2=threadpool.ThreadPool(3)  # 可同时获取3个商品的评论
  task=threadpool.makeRequests(getComments,skuids)
  for r in task:
    pool2.putRequest(r)
  pool2.wait()

# 获取评论
def getComments(SkuId,sess):
  # 获取评论总页数
  url1 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page=0&pageSize=10'
  res2 = sess.get(url1, headers=headers)
  res2.encoding = res2.apparent_encoding
  json_data = json.loads(res2.text)
  max_page = json_data['maxPage'] # 经测试最多可获取100页评论，每页10条
  print("{}评论共{}页".format(SkuId, max_page))
  if max_page == 0:
    IntoComments(SkuId, '0')
  else:
    for i in range(0, max_page):
      # 使用此链接获取评论得到的为json格式
      url2 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'
      # 使用此链接获取评论得到的非json格式，需要提取
      # url2_2=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?callback=jQuery9287224&productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'
      print("开始获取第{}页评论:{}".format(i + 1, url2))
      getComments_one(sess, SkuId, url2)
      time.sleep(1)

# 获取评论总数量
def getCommentsNum(SkuId,sess):
  url=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productCommentSummaries.action?referenceIds={SkuId}'
  res=sess.get(url)
  try:
    res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
    json_data=json.loads(res.text) # json格式转为字典
    num=json_data['CommentsCount'][0]['CommentCount']
    return num
  except:
    return 'Error'

# 获取单个评论
def getComments_one(sess,SkuId,url2):
  global comments_num
  res2 = sess.get(url2)
  res2.encoding=res2.apparent_encoding
  json_data=res2.text
  '''
  # 如果用url2_2需要进行如下操作提取json
  start = res2.text.find('jQuery9287224(') + len('jQuery9287224(')
  end = res2.text.find(');')
  json_data=res2.text[start:end]
  '''
  dict_data = json.loads(json_data)
  comments=dict_data['comments']
  for item in comments:
    comment=item['content'].replace('n','')
    # print(comment)
    comments_num+=1
    try:
      IntoComments(SkuId,comment)
    except Exception as e:
      print(e)
      print("rollback！")
      sess_db.rollback()

# 商品信息入库
def IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num):
  goods_data=Goods(
    sku_id=SkuId,
    name=title,
    price=price,
    comments_num=comments_num,
    shop=shop,
    link=link
  )
  sess_db.add(goods_data)
  sess_db.commit()

# 评论入库
def IntoComments(SkuId,comment):
  comments_data=Comments(
    sku_id=SkuId,
    comments=comment
  )
  sess_db.add(comments_data)
  sess_db.commit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
  start_time=time.time()
  urls=[]
  KEYWORD=parse.quote(input("请输入要查询的关键词："))
  for i in range(1,2):  # 爬取一页进行测试
    url=f'https://search.jd.com/Search?keyword={KEYWORD}&wq={KEYWORD}&page={i}'
    urls.append(([url,],None)) # threadpool要求必须这样写
  pool=threadpool.ThreadPool(2) # 2个线程的线程池
  reque=threadpool.makeRequests(getIndex,urls)  # 创建任务
  for r in reque:
    pool.putRequest(r) # 向线程池提交任务
  pool.wait() # 等待所有任务执行完毕
  print("共获取{}件商品，获得{}条评论，耗时{}".format(num,comments_num,time.time()-start_time))

总结：

京东的反爬有点强，如果不想爬取到空白页，只能用单线程加延时一条一条的爬

到此这篇关于python爬取京东商品信息评论存并进MySQL的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Python爬取信息存进MySQL内容请搜索我们以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持我们！

Python爬取京东商品信息评论存并进MySQL

目录

构建mysql数据表

第一版：

第二版：

第三版：

解读数据库的嵌套查询的性能问题

MySQL数据库改名的详细方法教程

Mysql中使用时间查询的详细图文教程

一步步教你MySQL密码忘记了该如何操作

MySQL8.0 Command Line Client输入密码后出现闪退

MySQL5.7升级MySQL8.0的完整卸载与安装及连接Navicat

Mysql存储二进制对象数据问题

Mysql存储二进制对象数据问题

MySQL5.7升级MySQL8.0的完整卸载与安装及连接Navicat

一步步教你MySQL密码忘记了该如何操作

解读数据库的嵌套查询的性能问题

MySQL数据库改名的详细方法教程

Mysql中使用时间查询的详细图文教程

一步步教你MySQL密码忘记了该如何操作

MySQL8.0 Command Line Client输入密码后出现闪退

MySQL5.7升级MySQL8.0的完整卸载与安装及连接Navicat

Mysql存储二进制对象数据问题

Mysql存储二进制对象数据问题

MySQL5.7升级MySQL8.0的完整卸载与安装及连接Navicat

一步步教你MySQL密码忘记了该如何操作