昨天重装一台老服务器的时候发现 Intel hardware RAID 控制卡有问题,不能识别所有硬盘,但是安装操作系统过程中可以识别所有硬盘,还有一个问题就是操作系统安装正常,但是安装完后无法启动,某种原因导致 BIOS 不能从硬盘启动系统。所以打算把操作系统安装到一个 USB 盘上,然后从 USB 盘启动系统,并给上面的6块硬盘做成 Software RAID 10 后挂载到系统里用。
做 Software RAID 不要求硬盘都一模一样,但是强烈推荐用同一厂商、型号和大小的硬盘。为啥 RAID 10,不选 RAID0, RAID1, RAID5 呢?答:RAID0 太危险,RAID1 性能稍逊一些,RAID5 频繁写情况下性能差,RAID10 似乎是当今磁盘阵列的最佳选择,特别适合做 KVM/Xen/VMware 虚拟机母机(host)的本地存储系统(如果不考虑 SAN 和分布式存储的话)。
这台服务器上有6块完全相同的硬盘,给每块硬盘分成一个区,分区格式为 Linux software raid:
# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-91201, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-91201, default 91201):
Using default value 91201
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005c259
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 91201 732572001 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
按照上面的 /dev/sda 的分区例子依次给剩下的5块硬盘 sdc, sdd, sde, sdf, sdg 分区、更改分区格式:
# fdisk /dev/sdc
...
# fdisk /dev/sdd
...
# fdisk /dev/sde
...
# fdisk /dev/sdf
...
# fdisk /dev/sdg
...
分区完成后就可以开始创建 RAID 了,在上面的6个相同大小的分区上创建 raid10:
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 -v --raid-devices=6 --level=raid10 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1 /dev/sdg1
mdadm: layout defaults to n2
mdadm: layout defaults to n2
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: size set to 732440576K
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
查看磁盘阵列的初始化过程(build),根据磁盘大小和速度,整个过程大概需要几个小时:










