结果与例1完全相同。需说明的是,紧跟check()后的throw列表表明允许该函数抛出的异常类型。这里不得不产生疑问,如果抛出了一个不被允许的异常类型将怎样?
例3:抛出unexpected异常
check函数体之后的throw列表,规定了允许抛出的异常类型,一旦违背,就将触发unexpected。可以把unexpected看作系统自动调用的CALLBACK函数,不同的是,也可以手工触发它的执行。本例的情况属于前者。代码如下:
/*++ test.cpp
version:1.3
decript:define an unexpected excption handler,
set it by using set_unexpected,
modify the throw list of function check
created:2011-08-14
author: btwsmile
--*/
#include<exception>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//customized exception class 'myException'
class myException:public exception
{
public:
const char* what()const throw()
{
return "ERROR! Don't divide a number by integer zero.n";
}
};
void check(int y) throw()//#1 only int-type exception is permitted
{
if(y==0) throw myException();
}
void myUnexpected()
{
cout<<"Unexpected exception caught!n";
system("pause");
exit(-1);
}
//entry of the application
int main()
{
unexpected_handler oldHandler=set_unexpected(myUnexpected);
int x=100,y=0;
try
{
check(y);
cout<<x/y;
}
catch(myException& me)
{
cout<<me.what();
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
结果如下:
Unexpected exception caught!
请按任意键继续. . .
check函数的throw列表为空,即不允许抛出任何类型的异常,然而实际上当异常发生时,系统不能等闲视之,它将调用unexpected处理方法。所以,限定一个函数throw列表为空是值得程序员警醒的事,需要特别留意。如果将#1处的代码修改为throw(int)等也能得到相同的结果。所谓unexpected异常,说白了就是函数体允许抛出异常类型范围之外的异常。如果check函数后面根本没有throw,则表示函数任何类型的异常都被允许。
例4:抛出函数体允许的异常,但没被捕捉到的情况
思考这样一个问题,如果函数check的throw列表中有异常类型myException,而且在y==0时,它的确抛出myException类型的异常,但是没有被catch到,这时会发生什么?
在正式回答这个问题之前,先讨论“没被catch到”的意思。比如,修改例3的代码如下:(##为修改之处)
/*++ test.cpp
version:1.4.1
decript:
how to understand "exception not caucht"?
created:2011-08-14
author: btwsmile
--*/
#include<exception>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//customized exception class 'myException'
class myException:public exception
{
public:
const char* what()const throw()
{
return "ERROR! Don't divide a number by integer zero.n";
}
};
void check(int y) //any type of exception is permitted
{
if(y==0) throw myException();
}
void myUnexpected()
{
cout<<"Unexpected exception caught!n";
system("pause");
exit(-1);
}
//entry of the application
int main()
{
unexpected_handler oldHandler=set_unexpected(myUnexpected);
int x=100,y=0;
try
{
check(y);
cout<<x/y;
}
catch(int &e) //##1 no catch sentence matches the throw type
{
cout<<e<<endl;
}
/* ##2 if add this part, any type which's not handler before will
be caught
catch(...)
{
cout<<"Unkown exception caught!n";
}
*/
system("pause");
return 0;
}










