运行以上代码，输出结果：
A Constructor
================================================
A Move Constructor
================================================
B Constructor
A Copy Constructor
“A a = getA();”调用的是A的移动构造，“A a1(a);”调用的是A的拷贝构造。A的拷贝构造需要对成员变量B进行深拷贝，而A的移动构造不需要，很明显，A的移动构造效率高。
4.std::move语句可以将左值变为右值而避免拷贝构造，修改代码如下：
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
class B
{
public:
B() {}
B(const B&) { std::cout << "B Constructor" << std::endl; }
};
class A
{
public:
A(): m_b(new B()) { std::cout << "A Constructor" << std::endl; }
A(const A& src) :
m_b(new B(*(src.m_b)))
{
std::cout << "A Copy Constructor" << std::endl;
}
A(A&& src) :
m_b(src.m_b)
{
src.m_b = nullptr;
std::cout << "A Move Constructor" << std::endl;
}
~A() { delete m_b; }
private:
B* m_b;
};
static A getA()
{
A a;
std::cout << "================================================" << std::endl;
return a;
}
int main()
{
A a = getA();
std::cout << "================================================" << std::endl;
A a1(a);
std::cout << "================================================" << std::endl;
A a2(std::move(a1));
return 0;
}
运行以上代码，输出结果：
A Constructor
================================================
A Move Constructor
================================================
B Constructor
A Copy Constructor
================================================
A Move Constructor
“A a2(std::move(a1));”将a1转换为右值，因此a2调用的移动构造而不是拷贝构造。
5.赋值操作符也可以是移动赋值。
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
class B
{
public:
B() {}
B(const B&) { std::cout << "B Constructor" << std::endl; }
};
class A
{
public:
A(): m_b(new B()) { std::cout << "A Constructor" << std::endl; }
A(const A& src) :
m_b(new B(*(src.m_b)))
{
std::cout << "A Copy Constructor" << std::endl;
}
A(A&& src) :
m_b(src.m_b)
{
src.m_b = nullptr;
std::cout << "A Move Constructor" << std::endl;
}
A& operator=(const A& src)
{
if (this == &src)
return *this;
m_b = new B(*(src.m_b));
std::cout << "operator=(const A& src)" << std::endl;
return *this;
}
A& operator=(A&& src)
{
if (this == &src)
return *this;
m_b = src.m_b;
src.m_b = nullptr;
std::cout << "operator=(const A&& src)" << std::endl;
return *this;
}
~A() { delete m_b; }
private:
B* m_b;
};
static A getA()
{
A a;
std::cout << "================================================" << std::endl;
return a;
}
int main()
{
A a = getA();//移动构造
std::cout << "================================================" << std::endl;
A a1(a);//拷贝构造
std::cout << "================================================" << std::endl;
A a2(std::move(a1));//移动构造
std::cout << "================================================" << std::endl;
a2 = getA();//移动赋值
std::cout << "================================================" << std::endl;
a2 = a1;//拷贝赋值
return 0;
}
