C++11新特性之智能指针(shared_ptr/unique_ptr/weak_ptr)

2020-01-06 15:41:13王振洲


cout<<"test shared_ptr reset:"<<endl;
cout<<"p1 cnt:"<<p1.use_count()<<"tp2 cnt:"<<p2.use_count()<<"tp3 nt:"<<p3.use_count()<<endl;
p1.reset(new string("cpp11"));
cout<<"p1 cnt:"<<p1.use_count()<<"tp2 cnt:"<<p2.use_count()<<"tp3 cnt:"<<p3.use_count()<<endl;
shared_ptr deleter

可以定制一个deleter函数,用于在shared_ptr释放对象时调用。


void print_at_delete(int *p)
{
cout<<"deleting..."<<p<<'t'<<*p<<endl;
delete p;
}

cout<<"test shared_ptr deleter:"<<endl;
int *p7 = new int(1024);
shared_ptr<int> p8(p7, print_at_delete);
p8 = make_shared<int>(1025);

unique_ptr基本用法

unique_ptr对于所指向的对象,正如其名字所示,是 独占 的。所以,不可以对unique_ptr进行拷贝、赋值等操作,但是可以通过release函数在unique_ptr之间转移控制权。


cout<<"test unique_ptr base usage:"<<endl;
unique_ptr<int> up1(new int(1024));
cout<<"up1: "<<*up1<<endl;
unique_ptr<int> up2(up1.release());
cout<<"up2: "<<*up2<<endl;
//unique_ptr<int> up3(up1); // wrong, unique_ptr can not copy
//up2 = up1; // wrong, unique_ptr can not copy
unique_ptr<int> up4(new int(1025));
up4.reset(up2.release());
cout<<"up4: "<<*up4<<endl;

unique_ptr作为参数和返回值

上述对于拷贝的限制,有两个特殊情况,即unique_ptr可以作为函数的返回值和参数使用,这时虽然也有隐含的拷贝存在,但是并非不可行的。


unique_ptr<int> clone(int p)
{
return unique_ptr<int>(new int(p));
}

void process_unique_ptr(unique_ptr<int> up)
{
cout<<"process unique ptr: "<<*up<<endl;
}

cout<<"test unique_ptr parameter and return value:"<<endl;
auto up5 = clone(1024);
cout<<"up5: "<<*up5<<endl;
process_unique_ptr(move(up5));
//cout<<"up5 after process: "<<*up5<<endl; // would cause segmentfault

这里的std::move函数,以后再单独具体细说^_^

unique_ptr deleter

unique_ptr同样可以设置deleter,和shared_ptr不同的是,它需要在模板参数中指定deleter的类型。好在我们有decltype这个利器,不然写起来好麻烦。


cout<<"test unique_ptr deleter:"<<endl;
int *p9 = new int(1024);
unique_ptr<int, decltype(print_at_delete) *> up6(p9, print_at_delete);
unique_ptr<int> up7(new int(1025));
up6.reset(up7.release());