C# 对象持久化详解

2019-12-30 16:30:35王旭

对象持久化是指将内存中的对象保存到可永久保存的存储设备中(如磁盘)的一种技术。

本文介绍的是除数据库之外的几种对象持久化方式。

具体如下:

    保存成文本:即将内存对象以字节流的方式保存到文本中。 序列化成Xml:即将对象以Xml的格式存储。 序列化成Json:即将对象序列化成Json对象,然后存储。 序列化成二进制:即将对象序列化成二进制字节流保存到文件中。

涉及知识点:

    序列化与反序列化 文件流的读写 ListView显示复选框,并横向排列

如下图所示【主要功能是将用户输入的信息保存成各种格式,并从各个文档中进行读取出来】:

C#,对象持久化

保存和读取文本文档代码如下:


/// <summary>
  /// 保存成文本
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="sender"></param>
  /// <param name="e"></param>
  private void btnSaveTxt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   Dictionary<string, string> dicInfos = GetDictionaryInfos();
   string filePath = "objPerson.txt";
   //采用using关键字,会自动释放
   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
   {
    using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs, Encoding.Default))
    {
     foreach (var keyPair in dicInfos)
     {
      sw.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}={1}", keyPair.Key, keyPair.Value));
     }
    }
   }
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// 从文本中读取
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="sender"></param>
  /// <param name="e"></param>
  private void btnReadTxt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   string filePath = "objPerson.txt";
   Dictionary<string, string> dic = new Dictionary<string, string>();
   //采用using关键字,会自动释放
   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))
   {
    using (StreamReader sw = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Default))
    {
     while (!sw.EndOfStream) {
      string lineInfo = sw.ReadLine();
      dic.Add(lineInfo.Split('=')[0], lineInfo.Split('=')[1]);
     }
    }
   }
   this.txtName.Text = dic["Name"];
   this.dtBirthday.Text = dic["Birthday"];
   if (dic["Gender"] == this.rbBoy.Text)
   {
    this.rbBoy.Checked = true;
   }
   else {
    this.rbGirl.Checked = true;
   }
   string[] loves = dic["Love"].Split('|');
   foreach (var love in loves)
   {
    foreach (var item in this.lsvLove.Items)
    {
     ListViewItem li = item as ListViewItem;
     if (li.Text == love)
     {
      li.Checked = true;
     }
    }
   }
  }

保存和读取Xml文档代码如下:


/// <summary>
  /// 保存成Xml
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="sender"></param>
  /// <param name="e"></param>
  private void btnSaveXml_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   Person p = GetPersonInfos();
   string filePath = "objPerson.xml";
   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
   {
    XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person));
    serializer.Serialize(fs, p);
   }
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// 从Xml中读取
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="sender"></param>
  /// <param name="e"></param>
  private void btnReadXml_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   string filePath = "objPerson.xml";
   Person p;
   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))
   {
    XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person));
    object obj= serializer.Deserialize(fs);
    p = obj as Person;
   }
   SetPersonInfos(p);
  }