在上面介绍过栈（Stack）的存储结构，接下来介绍另一种存储结构字典（Dictionary）。 字典（Dictionary）里面的每一个元素都是一个键值对(由二个元素组成：键和值) 键必须是唯一的,而值不需要唯一的,键和值都可以是任何类型。字典(Dictionary)是常用于查找和排序的列表。
接下来看一下Dictionary的部分方法和类的底层实现代码：
1.Add：将指定的键和值添加到字典中。
public void Add(TKey key, TValue value) {
Insert(key, value, true);
}
private void Insert(TKey key, TValue value, bool add) {
if( key == null ) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.key);
}
if (buckets == null) Initialize(0);
int hashCode = comparer.GetHashCode(key) & 0x7FFFFFFF;
int targetBucket = hashCode % buckets.Length;
#if FEATURE_RANDOMIZED_STRING_HASHING
int collisionCount = 0;
#endif
for (int i = buckets[targetBucket]; i >= 0; i = entries[i].next) {
if (entries[i].hashCode == hashCode && comparer.Equals(entries[i].key, key)) {
if (add) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentException(ExceptionResource.Argument_AddingDuplicate);
}
entries[i].value = value;
version++;
return;
}
#if FEATURE_RANDOMIZED_STRING_HASHING
collisionCount++;
#endif
}
int index;
if (freeCount > 0) {
index = freeList;
freeList = entries[index].next;
freeCount--;
}
else {
if (count == entries.Length)
{
Resize();
targetBucket = hashCode % buckets.Length;
}
index = count;
count++;
}
entries[index].hashCode = hashCode;
entries[index].next = buckets[targetBucket];
entries[index].key = key;
entries[index].value = value;
buckets[targetBucket] = index;
version++;
#if FEATURE_RANDOMIZED_STRING_HASHING
if(collisionCount > HashHelpers.HashCollisionThreshold && HashHelpers.IsWellKnownEqualityComparer(comparer))
{
comparer = (IEqualityComparer<TKey>) HashHelpers.GetRandomizedEqualityComparer(comparer);
Resize(entries.Length, true);
}
#endif
}
2.Clear()：从 Dictionary<TKey, TValue> 中移除所有的键和值。
public void Clear() {
if (count > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < buckets.Length; i++) buckets[i] = -1;
Array.Clear(entries, 0, count);
freeList = -1;
count = 0;
freeCount = 0;
version++;
}
}
3.Remove()：从 Dictionary<TKey, TValue> 中移除所指定的键的值。
public bool Remove(TKey key) {
if(key == null) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.key);
}
if (buckets != null) {
int hashCode = comparer.GetHashCode(key) & 0x7FFFFFFF;
int bucket = hashCode % buckets.Length;
int last = -1;
for (int i = buckets[bucket]; i >= 0; last = i, i = entries[i].next) {
if (entries[i].hashCode == hashCode && comparer.Equals(entries[i].key, key)) {
if (last < 0) {
buckets[bucket] = entries[i].next;
}
else {
entries[last].next = entries[i].next;
}
entries[i].hashCode = -1;
entries[i].next = freeList;
entries[i].key = default(TKey);
entries[i].value = default(TValue);
freeList = i;
freeCount++;
version++;
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
