C#中数组Array,ArrayList,泛型List详细对比

2019-12-30 13:09:52王旭


using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Example
{
  public static void Main()
  {
    List<string> dinosaurs = new List<string>();

    Console.WriteLine("nCapacity: {0}", dinosaurs.Capacity);

    dinosaurs.Add("Tyrannosaurus");
    dinosaurs.Add("Amargasaurus");
    dinosaurs.Add("Mamenchisaurus");
    dinosaurs.Add("Deinonychus");
    dinosaurs.Add("Compsognathus");

    Console.WriteLine();
    foreach(string dinosaur in dinosaurs)
    {
      Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
    }

    Console.WriteLine("nCapacity: {0}", dinosaurs.Capacity);
    Console.WriteLine("Count: {0}", dinosaurs.Count);

    Console.WriteLine("nContains("Deinonychus"): {0}",
      dinosaurs.Contains("Deinonychus"));

    Console.WriteLine("nInsert(2, "Compsognathus")");
    dinosaurs.Insert(2, "Compsognathus");

    Console.WriteLine();
    foreach(string dinosaur in dinosaurs)
    {
      Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
    }

    Console.WriteLine("ndinosaurs[3]: {0}", dinosaurs[3]);

    Console.WriteLine("nRemove("Compsognathus")");
    dinosaurs.Remove("Compsognathus");

    Console.WriteLine();
    foreach(string dinosaur in dinosaurs)
    {
      Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
    }

    dinosaurs.TrimExcess();
    Console.WriteLine("nTrimExcess()");
    Console.WriteLine("Capacity: {0}", dinosaurs.Capacity);
    Console.WriteLine("Count: {0}", dinosaurs.Count);

    dinosaurs.Clear();
    Console.WriteLine("nClear()");
    Console.WriteLine("Capacity: {0}", dinosaurs.Capacity);
    Console.WriteLine("Count: {0}", dinosaurs.Count);
  }
}

如果声明List集合内数据的对象类型是string,然后往List集合中插入int类型的111,IDE就会报错,且不能通过编译。显然这样List<T>是类型安全的。

对返回结果集再封装:


  public class ResultDTO<T>
  {
    public T Data { get; set; }
    public string Code { get; set; }
    public string Message { get; set; }
  }

      var data = new CityEntity();
      return new ResultDTO<CityEntity> { Data = data, Code = "1", Message = "sucess"};

      var data2 = new List<CityEntity>();
      return new ResultDTO<List<CityEntity>> { Data = data2, Code = "1", Message = "sucess" };

      var data1 = 1;
      return new ResultDTO<int> { Data = data1, Code = "1", Message = "sucess" };

更多参考微软官方文档:List泛型类

四、总结

1、数组的容量固定,而ArrayList或List<T>的容量可根据需要自动扩充。

2、数组可有多个维度,而 ArrayList或 List< T> 始终只有一个维度。(可以创建数组列表或列表的列表)