Go html/template 模板的使用实例详解

// 从模板文件构建
tpl := template.Must(
  template.ParseFiles(
    "views/index/index.html",
    "views/news/index.html",
    "views/header.html",
    "views/footer.html",
  ),
)

// render template with tplName index
_ = tpl.ExecuteTemplate(
  os.Stdout,
  "index/index",
  map[string]interface{}{
    PageTitle: "首页",
    Name: "big_cat",
    Age: 29,
  },
)
// render template with tplName index
_ = tpl.ExecuteTemplate(
  os.Stdout,
  "news/index",
  map[string]interface{}{
    "PageTitle": "新闻",
    "List": []struct {
      Title   string
      CreatedAt time.Time
    }{
      {Title: "this is golang views/template example", CreatedAt: time.Now()},
      {Title: "to be honest, i don't very like this raw engine", CreatedAt: time.Now()},
    },
    "Total": 1,
    "Author": "big_cat",
  },
)

template.ParseGlob

手动的指定每一个模板文件，在一些场景下难免难以满足需求，我们可以使用通配符正则匹配载入。

1、正则不应包含文件夹，否则会因文件夹被作为视图载入无法解析而报错

2、可以设定多个模式串，如下我们载入了一级目录和二级目录的视图文件

// 从模板文件构建
tpl := template.Must(template.ParseGlob("views/*.html"))
template.Must(tpl.ParseGlob("views/*/*.html"))
// render template with tplName index
// render template with tplName index
_ = tpl.ExecuteTemplate(
  os.Stdout,
  "index/index",
  map[string]interface{}{
    PageTitle: "首页",
    Name: "big_cat",
    Age: 29,
  },
)
// render template with tplName index
_ = tpl.ExecuteTemplate(
  os.Stdout,
  "news/index",
  map[string]interface{}{
    "PageTitle": "新闻",
    "List": []struct {
      Title   string
      CreatedAt time.Time
    }{
      {Title: "this is golang views/template example", CreatedAt: time.Now()},
      {Title: "to be honest, i don't very like this raw engine", CreatedAt: time.Now()},
    },
    "Total": 1,
    "Author": "big_cat",
  },
)

Web服务器

结合模板库和 Gin 实现一个可以使用模板渲染并返回 html 页面的 web 服务。

package main

import (
  "html/template"
  "log"
  "net/http"
  "time"
)

var (
  htmlTplEngine  *template.Template
  htmlTplEngineErr error
)

func init() {
  // 初始化模板引擎 并加载各层级的模板文件
  // 注意 views/* 不会对子目录递归处理 且会将子目录匹配 作为模板处理造成解析错误
  // 若存在与模板文件同级的子目录时 应指定模板文件扩展名来防止目录被作为模板文件处理
  // 然后通过 view/*/*.html 来加载 view 下的各子目录中的模板文件
  htmlTplEngine = template.New("htmlTplEngine")

  // 模板根目录下的模板文件 一些公共文件
  _, htmlTplEngineErr = htmlTplEngine.ParseGlob("views/*.html")
  if nil != htmlTplEngineErr {
    log.Panic(htmlTplEngineErr.Error())
  }
  // 其他子目录下的模板文件
  _, htmlTplEngineErr = htmlTplEngine.ParseGlob("views/*/*.html")
  if nil != htmlTplEngineErr {
    log.Panic(htmlTplEngineErr.Error())
  }

}

// index
func IndexHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
  _ = htmlTplEngine.ExecuteTemplate(
    w,
    "index/index",
    map[string]interface{}{"PageTitle": "首页", "Name": "sqrt_cat", "Age": 25},
  )
}

// news
func NewsHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
  _ = htmlTplEngine.ExecuteTemplate(
    w,
    "news/index",
    map[string]interface{}{
      "PageTitle": "新闻",
      "List": []struct {
        Title   string
        CreatedAt time.Time
      }{
        {Title: "this is golang views/template example", CreatedAt: time.Now()},
        {Title: "to be honest, i don't very like this raw engine", CreatedAt: time.Now()},
      },
      "Total": 1,
      "Author": "big_cat",
    },
  )
}

func main() {
  http.HandleFunc("/", IndexHandler)
  http.HandleFunc("/index", IndexHandler)
  http.HandleFunc("/news", NewsHandler)

  serverErr := http.ListenAndServe(":8085", nil)

  if nil != serverErr {
    log.Panic(serverErr.Error())
  }
}
								 
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