配置ab来为Nginx服务器做压力测试的方法

2019-10-17 19:51:48丽君

在运维工作中,压力测试是一项非常重要的工作。比如在一个网站上线之前,能承受多大访问量、在大访问量情况下性能怎样,这些数据指标好坏将会直接影响用户体验。
  但是,在压力测试中存在一个共性,那就是压力测试的结果与实际负载结果不会完全相同,就算压力测试工作做的再好,也不能保证100%和线上性能指标相同。面对这些问题,我们只能尽量去想方设法去模拟。所以,压力测试非常有必要,有了这些数据,我们就能对自己做维护的平台做到心中有数。
  目前较为常见的网站压力测试工具有webbench、ab(apache bench)、tcpcopy、loadrunner。
  webbench由Lionbridge公司开发,主要测试每秒钟请求数和每秒钟数据传输量,同时支持静态、动态、SSL,部署简单,静动态均可测试。适用于小型网站压力测试(单例最多可模拟3万并发) 。
  ab(apache bench)Apache自带的压力测试工具,主要功能用于测试网站每秒钟处理请求个数,多见用于静态压力测试,功能较弱,非专业压力测试工具。
  tcpcopy基于底层应用请求复制,可转发各种在线请求到测试服务器,具有分布式压力测试功能,所测试数据与实际生产数据较为接近后起之秀,主要用于中大型压力测试,所有基于tcp的packets均可测试。
  loadrunner压力测试界的泰斗,可以创建虚拟用户,可以模拟用户真实访问流程从而录制成脚本,其测试结果也最为逼真模拟最为逼真,并可进行独立的单元测试,但是部署配置较为复杂,需要专业人员才可以。
  下面,笔者就以ab为例,来讲解一下网站在上线之前压力测试是如何做的。
ab是针对apache的性能测试工具,可以只安装ab工具。

ubuntu安装ab

apt-get install apache2-utils

centos安装ab

yum install httpd-tools

测试之前需要准备一个简单的html、一个php、一个图片文件。

分别对他们进行测试。

我们把这个三个文件放到nginx安装目录默认的html目录下,

20161494341339.png (771×236)

准备之后我们就可以测试了

ab -kc 1000 -n 1000 http://localhost/ab.html

这个指令会使用1000个并发,进行连接1000次。结果如下

root@~# ab -kc 1000 -n 1000 http://www.nginx.cn/ab.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking www.nginx.cn (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Completed 300 requests
Completed 400 requests
Completed 500 requests
Completed 600 requests
Completed 700 requests
Completed 800 requests
Completed 900 requests
Completed 1000 requests
Finished 1000 requests
Server Software: nginx/1.2.3
Server Hostname: www.nginx.cn
Server Port: 80

Document Path: /ab.html
Document Length: 192 bytes

Concurrency Level: 1000
Time taken for tests: 60.444 seconds
Complete requests: 1000
Failed requests: 139
(Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 139, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors: 0
Non-2xx responses: 1000
Keep-Alive requests: 0
Total transferred: 732192 bytes
HTML transferred: 539083 bytes
Requests per second: 16.54 [#/sec] (mean)
<strong>Time per request: 60443.585 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 60.444 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</strong>
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Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 55 237 89.6 261 328
Processing: 58 5375 13092.8 341 60117
Waiting: 57 5337 12990.0 341 59870
Total: 386 5611 13083.7 572 60443

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 572
66% 606
75% 635
80% 672
90% 30097
95% 42004
98% 47250
99% 49250
100% 60443 (longest request)