详解nginx高并发场景下的优化

下面是一个本人使用的简单的nginx配置文件：

[root@dev-huanqiu ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user  www www;
worker_processes 8;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000;
error_log  /www/log/nginx_error.log  crit;
pid     /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
 
events
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 65535;
}
 
http
{
  include    mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;
 
  charset  utf-8;
 
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 2k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;
 
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush   on;
 
  keepalive_timeout 60;
 
  fastcgi_cache_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_cache levels=1:2
         keys_zone=TEST:10m
         inactive=5m;
  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 16k;
  fastcgi_buffers 16 16k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 16k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 16k;
  fastcgi_cache TEST;
  fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h;
  fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d;
  fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;
  fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1;
  fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500; 
  open_file_cache max=204800 inactive=20s;
  open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
  open_file_cache_valid 30s; 
 
  tcp_nodelay on;
  
  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length  1k;
  gzip_buffers   4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types    text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;
 
  server
  {
   listen    8080;
   server_name  huan.wangshibo.com;
   index index.php index.htm;
   root  /www/html/;
 
   location /status
   {
     stub_status on;
   }
 
   location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$
   {
     fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
     fastcgi_index index.php;
     include fcgi.conf;
   }
 
   location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|js|css)$
   {
    expires    30d;
   }
 
   log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
   access_log  /www/log/access.log  access;
    }
}

二、关于FastCGI的几个指令

1）这个指令为FastCGI缓存指定一个路径，目录结构等级，关键字区域存储时间和非活动删除时间。

fastcgi_cache_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=TEST:10m inactive=5m;

2）指定连接到后端FastCGI的超时时间。

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

3）向FastCGI传送请求的超时时间，这个值是指已经完成两次握手后向FastCGI传送请求的超时时间。

fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

4）接收FastCGI应答的超时时间，这个值是指已经完成两次握手后接收FastCGI应答的超时时间。

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;