nginx ip黑名单动态封禁的例子

网站被恶意请求，拉黑IP是重要的手段，如果每次拉黑都要到nginx上配置，未免太low了；我们需要更方便的控制nginx IP黑名单。

1.方案

黑名单持久化到mysql （常见的方案是redis，但不利于控制，如：不同的IP设置不同的有效期、IP的CRUD、统计等等）；

通过lua-nginx-module，在nginx中开辟一块内存（lua_shared_dict），lua将黑名单定期从mysql全量刷新至lua_shared_dict；

所有请求，都要到与lua_shared_dict中的IP check一下。

2.安装

2.1 安装luajit

cd LuaJIT-2.0.5
make
make install PREFIX=/usr/local/luajit

2.2.安装nginx时，将lua模块编译进去

export LUAJIT_LIB=/usr/local/luajit/lib
export LUAJIT_INC=/usr/local/luajit/include/luajit-2.1
 
./configure --prefix=/nginx 
--with-ld-opt="-Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/luajit/lib" 
--add-module=/opt/ngx_devel_kit-0.3.1rc1 
--add-module=/opt/lua-nginx-module-0.10.14rc3
 
make -j2
make install
ln -s /nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx

3.配置

3.1 nginx配置

http {
  server_tokens off;
  lua_package_path "/usr/local/lib/lua/?.lua;;";
  lua_shared_dict ip_blacklist 4m;
}
 
server {
  set $real_ip $remote_addr;
  if ( $http_x_forwarded_for ~ "^(d+.d+.d+.d+)" ) {
    set $real_ip $1;
  }
 
  # 管理信息，访问该URL可以查看nginx中的IP黑名单信息
  location /get-ipblacklist-info {
    access_by_lua_file conf/lua/get_ipblacklist_info.lua;
  }
 
  # 同步URL，通过定时任务调用该URL,实现IP黑名单从mysql到nginx的定时刷新
  location /sync-ipblacklist {
   access_by_lua_file conf/lua/sync_ipblacklist.lua;
  }
 
  # 生产域名配置，所有需要IP黑名单控制的location，都要包含以下语句
  location / {
   access_by_lua_file conf/lua/check_realip.lua;
  }
 
}

nginx服务器配置以下crrontab

* * * * * /usr/bin/curl -o /dev/null -s http://127.0.0.1/sync-ipblacklist > /dev/null 2>&1

3.2 lua脚本

sync_ipblacklist.lua

local mysql_host = "ip of mysql server"
local mysql_port = 3306
local database = "dbname"
local username = "user"
local password = "password"
 
-- update ip_blacklist from mysql once every cache_ttl seconds
local cache_ttl  = 1
local mysql_connection_timeout = 1000
 
local client_ip  = ngx.var.real_ip
local ip_blacklist  = ngx.shared.ip_blacklist
local last_update_time = ip_blacklist:get("last_update_time");
 
if last_update_time == nil or last_update_time < ( ngx.now() - cache_ttl ) then
 
 local mysql = require "resty.mysql";
 local red = mysql:new();
 
 red:set_timeout(mysql_connect_timeout);
 
 local ok, err, errcode, sqlstate = red:connect{
     host = mysql_host,
     port = mysql_port,
     database = database,
     user = username,
     password = password,
     charset = "utf8",
     max_packet_size = 1024 * 1024,
    }
 if not ok then
 ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "mysql connection error while retrieving ip_blacklist: " .. err);
 else
 new_ip_blacklist, err, errcode, sqlstate = red:query("select ip_addr from ip_blacklist where status = 0 order by create_time desc limit 10000", 100)
 if not new_ip_blacklist then
  ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "bad result. errcode: " .. errcode .. " sqlstate: " .. sqlstate .. " err: " .. err);
  return
 end
 
 ip_blacklist:flush_all();
 for k1, v1 in pairs(new_ip_blacklist) do
  for k2, v2 in pairs(v1) do
  ip_blacklist:set(v2,true);
  end
 end
 
 ip_blacklist:set("last_update_time", ngx.now());
 end
end
 
ngx.say("sync successful");
								 
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