1. 输出重定向：
默认条件下，标准输出和错误输出都是终端，可以把标准输出和错误内容进行重定向：
[~]# echo "hello!"
hello!
[~]# echo "hello!"
-bash: !": event not found "
把标准输出重定向到文件
[~]# echo "hello" > test.sh
[~]# cat test.sh
hello
'>'输出方式默认等价'1>'
[~]# echo "hello" 1> test.sh
[~]# cat test.sh
hello
但是错误内容还是会显示在屏幕上：
[~]$cat edit.sql /root/test.sh > temp.sh
cat: /root/test.sh: Permission denied
可以把错误内容也输出到文件中（利用文件描述符）：
[~]$cat edit.sql /root/test.sh 1> temp.sh 2> error.sh
[~]$cat temp.sh
select dbms_rowid.rowid_object('AAAZdQAAGAAATxjAAk') data_object_id#,
dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno('AAAZdQAAGAAATxjAAk') rfile#,
dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number('AAAZdQAAGAAATxjAAk') block#,
dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number('AAAZdQAAGAAATxjAAk') row# from dual
/
[~]$cat error.sh
cat: /root/test.sh: Permission denied
把标准输出和错误信息写入同一个文件：
[~]$cat edit.sql /root/test.sh > temp.sh 2>&1
[~]$cat temp.sh
select dbms_rowid.rowid_object('AAAZdQAAGAAATxjAAk') data_object_id#,
dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno('AAAZdQAAGAAATxjAAk') rfile#,
dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number('AAAZdQAAGAAATxjAAk') block#,
dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number('AAAZdQAAGAAATxjAAk') row# from dual
/
cat: /root/test.sh: Permission denied
这个看起来比较麻烦，实际应用中可能用的最多的是：
[~]$cat edit.sql /root/test.sh &>temp.sh
[~]$cat temp.sh
select dbms_rowid.rowid_object('AAAZdQAAGAAATxjAAk') data_object_id#,
dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno('AAAZdQAAGAAATxjAAk') rfile#,
dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number('AAAZdQAAGAAATxjAAk') block#,
dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number('AAAZdQAAGAAATxjAAk') row# from dual
/
cat: /root/test.sh: Permission denied
&>把所有输出都写入同一个文件
如果不想输出到文件，也不想在屏幕上显示,可以利用/dev/null这一特殊设备文件(bit bucket)
[~]$cat edit.sql /root/test.sh &>/dev/null
如果把标准输出写入到文件，就没法利用管道符号'|'把内容传给接下来的命令，可以利用tee命令解决这个问题：
[~]$cat edit.sql /root/test.sh | tee temp.sh | cat -n
cat: /root/test.sh: Permission denied
select dbms_rowid.rowid_object('AAAZdQAAGAAATxjAAk') data_object_id#,
dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno('AAAZdQAAGAAATxjAAk') rfile#,
dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number('AAAZdQAAGAAATxjAAk') block#,
