2)条件变量(cond)
利用线程间共享的全局变量进行同步的一种机制。
int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cond,pthread_condattr_t *cond_attr); int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond,pthread_mutex_t *mutex); int pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *cond,pthread_mutex_t *mutex,const timespec *abstime); int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond); int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond); int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond); //解除所有线程的阻塞
(1)初始化. init()或者pthread_cond_t cond=PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIER;属性置为NULL
(2)等待条件成立. pthread_cond_wait,pthread_cond_timedwait.
wait()释放锁,并阻塞等待条件变量为真
timedwait()设置等待时间,仍未signal,返回ETIMEOUT(加锁保证只有一个线程wait)
(3)激活条件变量:pthread_cond_signal,pthread_cond_broadcast(激活所有等待线程)
(4)清除条件变量:destroy; 无线程等待,否则返回EBUSY
int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
int pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex, const struct timespec *abstime);
一定要在mutex的锁定区域内使用。
调用 pthread_cond_signal() 释放被条件阻塞的线程时,如果没有任何线程基于条件变量阻塞,则调用pthread_cond_signal()不起作用。而对于 Windows,当调用 SetEvent 触发 Auto-reset 的 Event 条件时,如果没有被条件阻塞的线程,那么此函数仍然起作用,条件变量会处于触发状态。
使用条件变量实现“生产者消费者问题”:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<time.h>
#include"pthread.h"
#define BUFFER_SIZE 16
struct prodcons
{
int buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
pthread_mutex_t lock; //mutex ensuring exclusive access to buffer
int readpos,writepos; //position for reading and writing
pthread_cond_t notempty; //signal when buffer is not empty
pthread_cond_t notfull; //signal when buffer is not full
};
//initialize a buffer
void init(struct prodcons* b)
{
pthread_mutex_init(&b->lock,NULL);
pthread_cond_init(&b->notempty,NULL);
pthread_cond_init(&b->notfull,NULL);
b->readpos=0;
b->writepos=0;
}
//store an integer in the buffer
void put(struct prodcons* b, int data)
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&b->lock);
//wait until buffer is not full
while((b->writepos+1)%BUFFER_SIZE==b->readpos)
{
printf("wait for not fulln");
pthread_cond_wait(&b->notfull,&b->lock);
}
b->buffer[b->writepos]=data;
b->writepos++;
pthread_cond_signal(&b->notempty); //signal buffer is not empty
pthread_mutex_unlock(&b->lock);
}
//read and remove an integer from the buffer
int get(struct prodcons* b)
{
int data;
pthread_mutex_lock(&b->lock);
//wait until buffer is not empty
while(b->writepos==b->readpos)
{
printf("wait for not emptyn");
pthread_cond_wait(&b->notempty,&b->lock);
}
data=b->buffer[b->readpos];
b->readpos++;
if(b->readpos>=BUFFER_SIZE) b->readpos=0;
pthread_cond_signal(&b->notfull); //signal buffer is not full
pthread_mutex_unlock(&b->lock);
return data;
}
#define OVER -1
struct prodcons buffer;
void * producer(void * data)
{
int n;
for(n=0;n<1000;++n)
{
printf("put-->%dn",n);
put(&buffer,n);
}
put(&buffer,OVER);
printf("producer stoppedn");
return NULL;
}
void * consumer(void * data)
{
int n;
while(1)
{
int d=get(&buffer);
if(d==OVER) break;
printf("%d-->getn",d);
}
printf("consumer stoppedn");
return NULL;
}
int main()
{
pthread_t tha,thb;
void * retval;
init(&buffer);
pthread_creare(&tha,NULL,producer,0);
pthread_creare(&thb,NULL,consumer,0);
pthread_join(tha,&retval);
pthread_join(thb,&retval);
return 0;
}








