linux多线程编程(五)

2019-10-14 12:50:47刘景俊

  2)条件变量(cond)

  利用线程间共享的全局变量进行同步的一种机制。

int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cond,pthread_condattr_t *cond_attr);   
int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond,pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
int pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *cond,pthread_mutex_t *mutex,const timespec *abstime);
int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond); 
int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond);
int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond); //解除所有线程的阻塞

  (1)初始化. init()或者pthread_cond_t cond=PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIER;属性置为NULL

  (2)等待条件成立. pthread_cond_wait,pthread_cond_timedwait.

  wait()释放锁,并阻塞等待条件变量为真

  timedwait()设置等待时间,仍未signal,返回ETIMEOUT(加锁保证只有一个线程wait)

  (3)激活条件变量:pthread_cond_signal,pthread_cond_broadcast(激活所有等待线程)

  (4)清除条件变量:destroy; 无线程等待,否则返回EBUSY

  int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
  int pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex, const struct timespec *abstime);

  一定要在mutex的锁定区域内使用。

  调用 pthread_cond_signal() 释放被条件阻塞的线程时,如果没有任何线程基于条件变量阻塞,则调用pthread_cond_signal()不起作用。而对于 Windows,当调用 SetEvent 触发 Auto-reset 的 Event 条件时,如果没有被条件阻塞的线程,那么此函数仍然起作用,条件变量会处于触发状态。

  使用条件变量实现“生产者消费者问题”:

  #include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<time.h>
#include"pthread.h"

  #define BUFFER_SIZE 16

  struct prodcons
{
    int buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
    pthread_mutex_t lock; //mutex ensuring exclusive access to buffer
    int readpos,writepos; //position for reading and writing
    pthread_cond_t notempty; //signal when buffer is not empty
    pthread_cond_t notfull; //signal when buffer is not full
};

  //initialize a buffer
void init(struct prodcons* b)
{
   pthread_mutex_init(&b->lock,NULL);
   pthread_cond_init(&b->notempty,NULL);
   pthread_cond_init(&b->notfull,NULL);
   b->readpos=0;
   b->writepos=0;
}

  //store an integer in the buffer
void put(struct prodcons* b, int data)
{
   pthread_mutex_lock(&b->lock);
   //wait until buffer is not full
   while((b->writepos+1)%BUFFER_SIZE==b->readpos)
   {
    printf("wait for not fulln");
    pthread_cond_wait(&b->notfull,&b->lock);
   }   
   
   b->buffer[b->writepos]=data;
   b->writepos++;
   pthread_cond_signal(&b->notempty); //signal buffer is not empty
   pthread_mutex_unlock(&b->lock);
}

  //read and remove an integer from the buffer
int get(struct prodcons* b)
{
   int data;
   pthread_mutex_lock(&b->lock);
   //wait until buffer is not empty
   while(b->writepos==b->readpos)
   {
    printf("wait for not emptyn");
    pthread_cond_wait(&b->notempty,&b->lock);
   }   
   
   data=b->buffer[b->readpos];
   b->readpos++;
   if(b->readpos>=BUFFER_SIZE) b->readpos=0;
   pthread_cond_signal(&b->notfull); //signal buffer is not full
   pthread_mutex_unlock(&b->lock);
   return data;
}

  #define OVER -1

  struct prodcons buffer;

  void * producer(void * data)
{
   int n;
   for(n=0;n<1000;++n)
   {
    printf("put-->%dn",n);
    put(&buffer,n);
   }
   put(&buffer,OVER);
   printf("producer stoppedn");
   return NULL;
}

  void * consumer(void * data)
{
   int n;
   while(1)
   {
    int d=get(&buffer);
    if(d==OVER) break;
    printf("%d-->getn",d);
   }
   printf("consumer stoppedn");
   return NULL;
}

  int main()
{
  pthread_t tha,thb;
  void * retval;
  
  init(&buffer);
  pthread_creare(&tha,NULL,producer,0);
  pthread_creare(&thb,NULL,consumer,0);
  
  pthread_join(tha,&retval);
  pthread_join(thb,&retval);
  
  return 0;
}