CentOS 7安装完成后初始化的方法

2019-10-13 18:54:17于丽

1、添加用户

新增名为"wang"的用户

[root@vdevops ~]# useradd wang #添加账户
[root@vdevops ~]# passwd wang #设置密码
Changing password for user wang.
New password: 
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@vdevops ~]# exit #退出
以用户"wang"为例,设置其为唯一拥有管理员权限的账户
[root@vdevops ~]# usermod -G wheel wang
[root@vdevops ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/su
[html] view plain copy print?
#%PAM-1.0 
auth sufficient pam_rootok.so 
# Uncomment the following line to implicitly trust users in the "wheel" group. 
#auth sufficient pam_wheel.so trust use_uid 
# Uncomment the following line to require a user to be in the "wheel" group. 
# 取消下面一行的注释 
auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid 
auth substack system-auth 
auth include postlogin 
account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid = 0 use_uid quiet 
account include system-auth 
password include system-auth 
session include system-auth 
session include postlogin 
session optional pam_xauth.so 
设置root账户的邮件转发
# Person who should get root's mail
# 最后一行,取消注释,改变用户名称
root: wang

2、设置防火墙和SELINUX

【1】防火墙

查看防火墙状态

[root@vdevops ~]# systemctl status firewalld 
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon 
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) 
Active: active (running) since Wed 2016-10-26 01:09:49 CST; 1h 36min ago 
Main PID: 744 (firewalld) 
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service 
└─744 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid 
Oct 26 01:09:46 vdevops.com systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... 
Oct 26 01:09:49 vdevops.com systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. 

防火墙基本操作

[root@vdevops ~]# systemctl start firewalld #启动防火墙 
[root@vdevops ~]# systemctl enable firewalld #设置防火墙开机自启 

默认情况下,“public”区域应用于NIC,dhcpv6-client和ssh是允许的。

当使用“firewall-cmd”命令操作时,如果输入命令不带“--zone = ***”规范,则配置设置为默认区域。

#显示默认区域 
[root@vdevops ~]# firewall-cmd --get-default-zone 
public 
#显示当前设置 
[root@vdevops ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all 
public (default, active) 
interfaces: eno16777736 
sources: 
services: dhcpv6-client ssh 
ports: 
masquerade: no 
forward-ports: 
icmp-blocks: 
rich rules: 
#显示全部区域 
[root@vdevops ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all-zones 
block 
interfaces: 
sources: 
services: 
ports: 
masquerade: no 
forward-ports: 
icmp-blocks: 
rich rules: 

dmz 
interfaces: 
sources: 
services: ssh 
ports: 
masquerade: no 
forward-ports: 
icmp-blocks: 
rich rules: 
... 
#显示特定区域允许的服务 
[root@vdevops ~]# firewall-cmd --list-service --zone=external 
ssh 
#改变默认区域 
[root@vdevops ~]# firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=external 
success 
#改变制定区域的接口 
[root@vdevops ~]# firewall-cmd --change-interface=eth1 --zone=external 
success 
#显示制定区域的状态 
[root@vdevops ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all --zone=external 
external (default, active) 
interfaces: eno16777736 eth1 
sources: 
services: ssh 
ports: 
masquerade: yes 
forward-ports: 
icmp-blocks: 
rich rules: 
#注:改变制定区域的接口,前提是次接口在当前系统是存在的