从例子上可以看出使用fifo时需要注意:
*fifo管道是先调用mkfifo创建,然后再用open打开得到fd来使用.
*在打开fifo时要注意,它是半双工的的,一般不能使用O_RDWR打开,而只能用只读或只写打开.
fifo可以用在非亲缘关系的进程间,而它的真正用途是在服务器和客户端之间. 由于它是半双工的所以,如果要进行客户端和服务器双方的通信的话,
每个方向都必须建立两个管道,一个用于读,一个用于写.
下面是一个服务器,对多个客户端的fifo的例子:
server 端的例子:
/*
* FIFO server
*/
#include "all.h"
int
main(void)
{
int fdw, fdw2;
int fdr;
char clt_path[PATH_LEN] = {' '};
char buf[MAX_LINE] = {' '};
char *p;
int n;
if (mkfifo(FIFO_SVR, FILE_MODE) == -1 && errno != EEXIST)
perr_exit("mkfifo()");
if ((fdr = open(FIFO_SVR, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
perr_exit("open()");
/*
* 根据fifo的创建规则, 若从一个空管道或fifo读,
* 而在读之前管道或fifo有打开来写的操作, 那么读操作将会阻塞
* 直到管道或fifo不打开来读, 或管道或fifo中有数据为止.
*
* 这里,我们的fifo本来是打开用来读的,但是为了,read不返回0,
* 让每次client端读完都阻塞在fifo上,我们又打开一次来读.
* 见unpv2 charper 4.7
*/
if ((fdw2 = open(FIFO_SVR, O_WRONLY)) < 0)
fprintf(stderr, "open()");
while (1) {
/* read client fifo path from FIFO_SVR */
/* 这里由于FIFO_SVR有打开来写的操作,所以当管道没有数据时,
* read会阻塞,而不是返回0.
*/
if (read(fdr, clt_path, PATH_LEN) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "read fifo client path error : %sn", strerror(errno));
break;
}
if ((p = strstr(clt_path, "rn")) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "clt_path error: %sn", clt_path);
break;
}
*p = ' ';
DBG("clt_path", clt_path);
if (access(clt_path, W_OK) == -1) { // client fifo ok, but no permission
perror("access()");
continue;
}
/* open client fifo for write */
if ((fdw = open(clt_path, O_WRONLY)) < 0) {
perror("open()");
continue;
}
if ((n = read(fdr, buf, WORDS_LEN)) > 0) { /* read server words is ok */
printf("server read words : %sn", buf);
buf[n] = ' ';
write(fdw, buf, strlen(buf));
}
}
close(fdw);
unlink(FIFO_SVR);
exit(0);
}
客户端的例子:
/*
* Fifo client
*
*/
#include "all.h"
int
main(void)
{
int fdr, fdw;
pid_t pid;
char clt_path[PATH_LEN] = {' '};
char buf[MAX_LINE] = {' '};
char buf_path[MAX_LINE] = {' '};
snprintf(clt_path, PATH_LEN, FIFO_CLT_FMT, (long)getpid());
DBG("clt_path1 = ", clt_path);
snprintf(buf_path, PATH_LEN, "%srn", clt_path);
if (mkfifo(clt_path, FILE_MODE) == -1 && errno != EEXIST)
perr_exit("mkfifo()");
/* client open clt_path for read
* open server for write
*/
if ((fdw = open(FIFO_SVR, O_WRONLY)) < 0)
perr_exit("open()");
/* write my fifo path to server */
if (write(fdw, buf_path, PATH_LEN) != PATH_LEN)
perr_exit("write()");
if (write(fdw, WORDS, WORDS_LEN) < 0) /* write words to fifo server */
perr_exit("error");
if ((fdr = open(clt_path, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
perr_exit("open()");
if (read(fdr, buf, WORDS_LEN) > 0) { /* read reply from fifo server */
buf[WORDS_LEN] = ' ';
printf("server said : %sn", buf);
}
close(fdr);
unlink(clt_path);
exit(0);
}
