perl简单变量 整型 浮点数 字符串

2019-10-01 15:30:10王振洲
r Carriage return Q Do not look for special pattern characters t Tab u Force next letter into uppercase U All following letters are uppercase v Vertical tab

 L、U、Q功能可以由E关闭掉,如:
 $a = "TLHIS IS A ESTRING"; # same as "This is a STRING"

.要在字符串中包含双引号或反斜线,则在其前加一个反斜线,反斜线还可以取消变量替换,如:
  $res = "A quote " and A backslash ";
  $result = 14;
  print ("The value of $result is $result.n")的结果为:
  The value of $result is 14.

.可用nnn(8进制)或xnn(16进制)来表示ASCII字符,如:
  $result = "377"; # this is the character 255,or EOF
  $result = "xff"; # this is also 255

.单引号字符串
  单引号字符串与双引号字符串有两个区别,一是没有变量替换功能,二是反斜线不支持转义字符,而只在包含单引号和反斜线时起作用。单引号另一个特性是可以跨多行,如:
  $text = 'This is two
  lines of text
  ';
  与下句等效:
  $text = "This is twonlines of textn";

.字符串和数值的互相转换
  例1:
  $string = "43";
  $number = 28;
  $result = $string + $number; # $result = 71
  若字符串中含有非数字的字符,则从左起至第一个非数字的字符,如:
  $result = "hello" * 5; # $result = 0
  $result = "12a34" +1; # $result = 13

.变量初始值
  在PERL中,所有的简单变量都有缺省初始值:"",即空字符。但是建议给所有变量赋初值,否则当程序变得大而复杂后,很容易出现不可预料且很难调试的错误。