Perl中的列表和数组学习笔记

2019-10-01 10:16:39于海丽


3、列表范围:

    (1..10) = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
    (2, 5..7, 11) = (2, 5, 6, 7, 11)
    (3..3) = (3)

  .用于实数
 
    (2.1..5.3) = (2.1, 3.1 ,4.1, 5.1)
    (4.5..1.6) = ()

  .用于字符串
 
    ("aaa".."aad") = ("aaa","aab", "aac", "aad")
    @day_of_month = ("01".."31")

  .可包含变量或表达式
 
    ($var1..$var2+5)
 
  .小技巧:
 
    $fred = "Fred";
    print (("Hello, " . $fred . "!n") x 2);
 
  其结果为:
 
    Hello, Fred!
    Hello, Fred!
 
4、数组的输出:
(1) @array = (1, 2, 3);

    print (@array, "n");

  结果为:123
(2) @array = (1, 2, 3);

    print ("@arrayn");
 
  结果为:1 2 3
5、列表/数组的长度
当数组变量出现在预期简单变量出现的地方,则PERL解释器取其长度。
   @array = (1, 2, 3);
    $scalar = @array; # $scalar = 3,即@array的长度
    ($scalar) = @array; # $scalar = 1,即@array第一个元素的值
 
  注:以数组的长度为循环次数可做如下编程:
    $count = 1;
    while ($count <= @array) {
    print ("element $count: $array[$count-1]n");
    $count++;
    }
 
6、子数组 
   @array = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
    @subarray = @array[0,1]; # @subarray = (1, 2)
    @subarray2 = @array[1..3]; # @subarray2 = (2,3,4)
    @array[0,1] = ("string", 46); # @array =("string",46,3,4,5) now
    @array[0..3] = (11, 22, 33, 44); # @array = (11,22,33,44,5) now
    @array[1,2,3] = @array[3,2,4]; # @array = (11,44,33,5,5) now
    @array[0..2] = @array[3,4]; # @array = (5,5,"",5,5) now
 
可以用子数组形式来交换元素:
    @array[1,2] = @array[2,1];
7、有关数组的库函数
(1)sort--按字符顺序排序
   @array = ("this", "is", "a","test");
    @array2 = sort(@array); # @array2 = ("a","is", "test", "this")
    @array = (70, 100, 8);
    @array = sort(@array); # @array = (100, 70, 8) now