Ruby中常用的字符串处理函数使用实例

1.返回字符串的长度

str.length => integer

2.判断字符串中是否包含另一个串

str.include? other_str => true or false
"hello".include? "lo"   #=> true
"hello".include? "ol"   #=> false
"hello".include? ?h     #=> true

3.字符串插入

str.insert(index, other_str) => str
"abcd".insert(0, 'X')    #=> "Xabcd"
"abcd".insert(3, 'X')    #=> "abcXd"
"abcd".insert(4, 'X')    #=> "abcdX"
"abcd".insert(-3, 'X')
-3, 'X')   #=> "abXcd"
"abcd".insert(-1, 'X')   #=> "abcdX"

4.字符串分隔,默认分隔符为空格

str.split(pattern=$;, [limit]) => anArray
" now's the time".split        #=> ["now's", "the", "time"]
"1, 2.34,56, 7".split(%r{,s*}) #=> ["1", "2.34", "56", "7"]
"hello".split(//)               #=> ["h", "e", "l", "l", "o"]
"hello".split(//, 3)            #=> ["h", "e", "llo"]
"hi mom".split(%r{s*})         #=> ["h", "i", "m", "o", "m"]
"mellow yellow".split("ello")   #=> ["m", "w y", "w"]
"1,2,,3,4,,".split(',')         #=> ["1", "2", "", "3", "4"]
"1,2,,3,4,,".split(',', 4)      #=> ["1", "2", "", "3,4,,"]

5.字符串替换

str.gsub(pattern, replacement) => new_str
str.gsub(pattern) {|match| block } => new_str
"hello".gsub(/[aeiou]/, '*')              #=> "h*ll*"     #将元音替换成*号
"hello".gsub(/([aeiou])/, '<1>')         #=> "h<e>ll<o>"   #将元音加上尖括号,1表示保留原有字符???
"hello".gsub(/./) {|s| s[0].to_s + ' '}   #=> "104 101 108 108 111 "

字符串替换二:

str.replace(other_str) => str
s = "hello"         #=> "hello"
s.replace "world"   #=> "world"

6.字符串删除

str.delete([other_str]+) => new_str
"hello".delete "l","lo"        #=> "heo"
"hello".delete "lo"            #=> "he"
"hello".delete "aeiou", "^e"   #=> "hell"
"hello".delete "ej-m"          #=> "ho"

7.去掉前和后的空格