BASH 学习笔记小结

2019-09-23 09:52:29于丽


您可以这样运行该脚本:

cmdparser -l hello -f -- -somefile1 somefile2

返回的结果是:

opt_f is 1

opt_l is hello

first arg is -somefile1

2nd arg is somefile2

这个脚本是如何工作的呢?脚本首先在所有输入命令行参数中进行循环,将输入参数

与case表达式进行比较,如果匹配则设置一个变量并且移除该参数。根据unix系统的惯例,首先输入的应该是包含减号的参数.

第2部分 实例

现在我们来讨论编写一个脚本的一般步骤。任何优秀的脚本都应该具有帮助和输入参数。并且写一个伪脚本(framework.sh),该脚本包含了大多数脚本都需要的框架结构,是一个非常不错的主意。这时候,在写一个新的脚本时我们只需要执行一下copy命令:

cp framework.sh myscript

然后再插入自己的函数。 让我们再看两个例子:

二进制到十进制的转换,脚本 b2d 将二进制数 (比如 1101) 转换为相应的十进制数。这也是一个用expr命令进行数学运算的例子:

#!/bin/sh

# vim: set sw=4 ts=4 et:

help()

{

cat <

b2h -- convert binary to decimal

USAGE: b2h [-h] binarynum

OPTIONS: -h help text

EXAMPLE: b2h 111010

will return 58

HELP

exit 0

}

error()

{

# print an error and exit

echo "$1"

exit 1

}

lastchar()

{

# return the last character of a string in $rval

if [ -z "$1" ]; then

# empty string

rval=""

return

fi

# wc puts some space behind the output this is why we need sed:

numofchar=`echo -n "$1" | wc -c | sed 's/ //g' `

# now cut out the last char

rval=`echo -n "$1" | cut -b $numofchar`

}

chop()

{

# remove the last character in string and return it in $rval

if [ -z "$1" ]; then

# empty string

rval=""

return

fi

# wc puts some space behind the output this is why we need sed:

numofchar=`echo -n "$1" | wc -c | sed 's/ //g' `

if [ "$numofchar" = "1" ]; then

# only one char in string

rval=""

return

fi

numofcharminus1=`expr $numofchar "-" 1`

# now cut all but the last char:

rval=`echo -n "$1" | cut -b 0-${numofcharminus1}`

}

while [ -n "$1" ]; do

case $1 in

-h) help;shift 1;; # function help is called

--) shift;break;; # end of options

-*) error "error: no such option $1. -h for help";;

*) break;;

esac

done

# The main program

sum=0

weight=1

# one arg must be given:

[ -z "$1" ] && help

binnum="$1"

binnumorig="$1"

while [ -n "$binnum" ]; do

lastchar "$binnum"

if [ "$rval" = "1" ]; then

sum=`expr "$weight" "+" "$sum"`