Linux 日常常用指令及应用小结

2019-09-23 09:04:36王旭

/*yum 安装/卸载
 yum install software
 yum remove software
*/
[root@Lettiy newdir]# yum install postgresql
/*查看yum可安装的软件包,可配合grep进行关键字查询,例如‘java'*/
[root@Lettiy newdir]# yum list
[root@Lettiy newdir]# yum list|grep 'java'

/*rpm
 刚刚解压tar得到的rpm文件则需要使用rpm
 安装rpm -ivh
 删除rpm -e
 查看已经安装rpm -qa
*/
[root@Lettiy newdir]# rpm -ivh software.rpm

  文件更改/查看

/*文件查看
 cat指令、more指令、vi指令三者都可以实现查看
*/
[root@Lettiy newdir]# cat /etc/profile
# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
pathmunge () {
 case ":${PATH}:" in
  *:"$1":*)
   ;;
  *)
   if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
    PATH=$PATH:$1
   else
    PATH=$1:$PATH
   fi
 esac
}
if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
 if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
  # ksh workaround
  EUID=`/usr/bin/id -u`
  UID=`/usr/bin/id -ru`
 fi
 USER="`/usr/bin/id -un`"
 LOGNAME=$USER
 MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi
# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
 pathmunge /usr/sbin
 pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
 pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
 pathmunge /usr/sbin after
fi
HOSTNAME=`/usr/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
 export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
 export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi
export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL
# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then
 umask 002
else
 umask 022
fi
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
 if [ -r "$i" ]; then
  if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then 
   . "$i"
  else
   . "$i" >/dev/null
  fi
 fi
done
unset i
unset -f pathmunge
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/develop/java/jdk1.8.0_144
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin/:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20
/*vi
 vi directory
 如果目录下存在则打开
 如果不存在则新建一个空文件 
*/

如果要修改,进入按 I  ,即可进入insert模式,进行更改;

保存:先ESC,然后输入:

wq:保存退出

q!:不保存退出

主要用于修改配置文件 ,例如:etc/proflie

 端口和进程监控常用

/*ps
  检测软件是否运行
  或查看正在运行的进程
  ps -ef|grep 'name' 
  例如:检测tomcat的运行状况
*/
[root@Lettiy newdir]# ps -ef|grep 'tomcat'
root   19785   1 0 Aug12 ?    00:01:05 /usr/develop/java/jdk1.8.0_144/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -classpath /usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20 -Dcatalina.home=/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root   22647 22470 0 23:58 pts/0  00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat

/*netstat
  netstat -tl 查看当前tcp监听端口
  netstat -tlp 查看当前tcp监听端口, 需要显示监听的程序名,当不清楚mysql的监听端口时比较好用
  netstat -tl | grep 34006
  只查看mysql的监听端口,当前启动的mysql端口为34006,明确知道mysql监听端口时使用
*/