1. 准备向服务器发送数据
Ajax 最常见的一大用途是向服务器发送数据。最典型的情况是从 客户端发送表单数据，即用户在form元素所含的各个 input 元素里输入的值。下面代码展示了一张简单的表单：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>基本表单</title>
<style>
.table{display: table;}
.row{display: table-row;}
.cell{display: table-cell;padding: 5px;}
.lable{text-align: right;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form id="fruitform" method="post" action="http://127.0.0.1:8080/form">
<div class="lable">
<div class="row">
<div class="cell lable">Apples:</div>
<div class="cell"><input name="apples" value="5" /></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="cell lable">Bananas:</div>
<div class="cell"><input name="bananas" value="2" /></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="cell lable">Cherries:</div>
<div class="cell"><input name="cherries" value="20" /></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="cell lable">Total:</div>
<div id="results" class="cell">0 items</div>
</div>
</div>
<button id="submit" type="submit">Submit Form</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
这个例子中的表单包含三个input元素和一个提交button 。这些input元素让用户可以指定三种不同的说过各自要订购多少，button则会将表单提交给服务器。
1.1 定义服务器
显而易见，这里需要为这些示例创建处理请求的服务器。这里再一次使用Node.js，原因主要是它很简单，而且用的是Javascript。新建 fruitcalc.js脚本文件如下：
var http = require('http');
var querystring = require('querystring');
function writeResponse(res,data){
var total = 0;
for(fruit in data){
total += Number(data[fruit]);
}
res.writeHead(200,"OK",{
"Content-Type":"text/html",
"Access-Control-Allow-Origin":"http://localhost:63342"
});
res.write('<html><head><title>Fruit Total</title></head><body>');
res.write('<p>'+total+' item ordered</p></body></html>');
res.end();
}
http.createServer(function(req,res){
console.log("[200] "+req.method+" to "+req.url);
if(req.method == "OPTIONS"){
res.writeHead(200,"OK",{
"Access-Control-Allow-Header":"Content-Type",
"Access-Control-Allow-Methods":"*",
"Access-Control-Allow-Origin":"*"
});
res.end();
}else if(req.url == '/form'&& req.method == 'POST'){
var dataObj = new Object();
var contentType = req.headers["content-type"];
var fullBody = '';
if(contentType){
if(contentType.indexOf("application/x-www-form-urlencode") > -1){
req.on('data',function(chunk){
fullBody += chunk.toString();
});
req.on('end',function(){
var dBody = querystring.parse(fullBody);
dataObj.apples = dBody["apples"];
dataObj.bananas = dBody["bananas"];
dataObj.cherries = dBody["cherries"];
writeResponse(res,dataObj);
});
}else if(contentType.indexOf("application/json") > -1){
req.on('data',function(chunk){
fullBody += chunk.toString();
});
req.on('end',function(){
dataObj = JSON.parse(fullBody);
writeResponse(res,dataObj);
});
}
}
}
}).listen(8080);
