PHP对象相关知识总结

 class Foo
 {
   public static $my_static = 'foo';
 
   public function staticValue() {
     return self::$my_static;
   }
 }
 
 class Bar extends Foo
 {
   public function fooStatic() {
     return parent::$my_static;
   }
 }
 
 
 print Foo::$my_static . "n";
 
 $foo = new Foo();
 print $foo->staticValue() . "n";
 print $foo->my_static . "n";   // Undefined "Property" my_static 
 
 print $foo::$my_static . "n";
 $classname = 'Foo';
 print $classname::$my_static . "n"; // As of PHP 5.3.0
 
 print Bar::$my_static . "n";
 $bar = new Bar();
 print $bar->fooStatic() . "n";

•后期静态绑定：static:: 定义后期静态绑定工作原理是存储了上一个“非转发调用”（non-forwarding call）的类名。当进行静态方法调用时，该类名即为明确指定的那个（通常在 :: 运算符左侧部分）；当进行非静态方法调用时，即为该对象所属的类。使用 self:: 或者 __CLASS__ 对当前类的静态引用，取决于定义当前方法所在的类；static:: 不再被解析为定义当前方法所在的类，而是在实际运行时计算的，可以用于静态属性和所有方法的调用。

 <?php
 class A
 {
   
   private $proPrivate = "private of A";
   protected $proProtected = "protected of A";
   public $proPublic = "public of A";
   
   private function foo()
   {
     echo $this->proPrivate."n";
     echo $this->proProtected."n";
     echo $this->proPublic."n";
   }
   
   public function test()
   {
     $this->foo();
     static::foo();
   }
 }
 
 class B extends A
 {
  /* foo() will be copied to B, hence its scope will still be A and
   * the call be successful */
 }
 
 class C extends A
 {
   private $proPrivate = "private of C";
   protected $proProtected = "protected of C";
   public $proPublic = "public of C";
   
   private function foo()
   {
     /* original method is replaced; the scope of the new one is C */
     echo "I am Cn";
   }
   
   public function myFoo()
   {
     //parent::foo();
     $this->foo();
   }
 }
 
 echo "Class B:n";
 $b = new B();
 $b->test();
 echo "nClass C:n";
 $c = new C();
 $c->myFoo();
 $c->test();  //fails

上例输出结果：

Class B:
private of A
protected of A
public of A
private of A
protected of A
public of A

Class C:
I am C
private of A
protected of C
public of C 
Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Call to private method C::foo() from context 'A' in /public/t.php:19 Stack trace: #0 /public/t.php(54): A->test() #1 {main} thrown in /public/t.php on line 19

•继承：官方文档对继承有这样一段描述“当扩展一个类，子类就会继承父类所有公有的和受保护的方法。除非子类覆盖了父类的方法，被继承的方法都会保留其原有功能”，言下之意似乎私有属性和方法不会被继承；然而上例又告诉我们子类拥有与父类一致的属性和方法，继承就是全盘复制，这才能满足我们对继承编程的需求，如果私有的不能继承，子类就必须自行重新定义，在大多数时候没有必要。另外就是可见性问题，父类的私有属性和方法在子类是不可见的。上例还告诉我们对象实际执行的域要考虑可见性、继承、后期静态绑定机制。