HTML5 Canvas实现平移/放缩/旋转deom示例(附截图)

2019-01-28 18:40:10于海丽
HTML5 Canvas中提供了实现图形平移,旋转,放缩的API。
平移(translate)
平移坐标translate(x, y)意思是把(0,0)坐标平移到(x, y),原来的(0,0)坐标则变成(-x, -y)
图示如下:
 
任何原来的坐标点p(ox, oy)在translate之后的坐标点为p(ox-x, oy-y),其中点(x, y)为平移
点坐标translate(x, y)。
代码演示:

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// translate is move the startpoint to centera and back to top left corner
function renderText(width, height, context) {
context.translate(width/ 2, height / 2); // 中心点坐标为(0, 0)
context.font="18px Arial";
context.fillStyle="blue";
context.fillText("Please Press <Esc> to Exit Game",5,50);
context.translate(-width/2, -height/2); // 平移恢复(0,0)坐标为左上角
context.fillText("I'm Back to Top",5,50);
}

放缩(Scale)
Scale(a, b)意思是将对象沿着XY轴分别放缩至a*x, b*y大小。效果如图示:
 

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// translation the rectangle.
function drawPath(context) {
context.translate(200,200);
context.scale(2,2);// Scale twice size of original shape
context.strokeStyle= "green";
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo(0,40);
context.lineTo(80,40);
context.lineTo(40,80);
context.closePath();
context.stroke();
}

旋转(rotate)
旋转角度rotate(Math.PI/8)
 
旋转前的坐标p(x, y)在对应的旋转后的坐标P(rx, ry)为
Rx = x * cos(-angle) - y * sin(-angle);
Ry = y * cos(-angle) + x * sin(-angle);
旋转90度可以简化为:
Rx = y;
Ry = -x;
Canvas中旋转默认的方向为顺时针方向。演示代码如下:

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// new point.x = x * cos(-angle) -y * sin(-angle),
// new point.y = y * cos(-angle) +x * sin(-angle)
function renderRotateText(context) {
context.font="24px Arial";
context.fillStyle="red";
context.fillText("i'm here!!!",5,50);
// rotate -90 degreee
// context.rotate(-Math.PI/2);
// context.fillStyle="blue";
// context.fillText("i'm here!!!", -400,30);
// rotate 90 degreee
context.rotate(Math.PI/2);
context.fillStyle="blue";
context.fillText("i'm here!!!",350,-420);
console.log(Math.sin(Math.PI/2));
// rotae 90 degree and draw 10 lines
context.fillStyle="green";
for(var i=0; i<4; i++) {
var x = (i+1)*20;
var y = (i+1)*60;
var newX = y;
var newY = -x;
context.fillRect(newX,newY, 200, 6);
}
}